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  3. Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States

Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States

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问题     Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.
    The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.
    While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents".
    But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.
It can be inferred from the text that teenagers in Japan ______.
选项 A、are answering the questions about their personal sacrifices
B、are dissatisfied with their jobs to a large extent
C、are more satisfied with their school life than their counterparts in the US
D、have a lot more job opportunities
答案B
解析 根据题干，此题可以定位在第二段的第二句话。这一句话提到这些青少年在质疑工作和求学过程中的付出。然后在这一段的最后一句话中，有提到很多日本工作者表达了他们对于工作的不满。由此可知，正确答案是选项B。选项A对应第二段第一句，根据上面对选项B的解释，文章中并没有说这些青少年回答个人牺牲的问题，而是说他们在质疑沉重的个人牺牲。因此，选项A不对。选项C根据这个自然段的第二句话判断刚好说反了。因为该句讲到：最近一次调查显示，相比于在校满意度为62.7％的美国学生，日本只有24.5％的学生对学校生活感到满意。选项D对应这个自然段的第一句话，这一句话中提到：妇女进入男性主宰的就业市场，限制了青少年的发展机遇。由此可知，青少年的工作机会变少了，而不是变多了。
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