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  3. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers larg

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers larg

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问题     The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
    An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers.
    If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the America economic system.
    The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individual are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
According to the first paragraph, private businessmen ______.
选项 A、are driven by the profit motive to produce the goods and services
B、determine how these goods and services are produced
C、want to maximize profits by harming the consumers
D、determine how resources are used to produce the goods and services
答案A
解析 第一段第二句的前半句提到，为了努力获得利润，私营企业家会生产商品和服务去和其他的商人进行竞争。由此得出，选项A是正确的。选项B偷换概念，对应这一句的后半句，但是这里说的意思是“利润的驱动很大程度上决定了这些商品和服务是如何生产出来的”。也就是说决定这些商品和服务是如何生产出来的主体是利润的驱动，而不是商人，因此选项B错误。选项C对应最后一句的内容，但是这一句中只是提到“商人对于利润最大化的追求”，并没有提到这么做是要通过伤害消费者来达到，因此选项C无中生有。选项D对应本段最后一句的末尾，但是这里提到“怎样合理地利用资源”是一个综合因素，而不是商人，因此选项D属于偷换概念。
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