首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
For years, many educators have championed "errorless learning," advising teachers (and students) to create study conditions that
For years, many educators have championed "errorless learning," advising teachers (and students) to create study conditions that
admin
2013-06-10
67
问题
For years, many educators have championed "errorless learning," advising teachers (and students) to create study conditions that do not permit errors. The idea embedded in this approach is that if students make errors, they will learn the errors and be prevented or slowed in learning the correct information. But research by Nate Kornell at U. C. L. A. reveals that this worry is misplaced. In fact, they found, learning becomes better if conditions are arranged so that students make errors.
People remember things better, longer, if they are given very challenging tests on the material, tests at which they are bound to fail. In a series of experiments, they showed that if students make an unsuccessful attempt to retrieve information before receiving an answer, they remember the information better than in a control condition in which they simply study the information. Trying and failing to retrieve the answer is actually helpful to learning.
In one of their experiments, students were required to learn pairs of "weak associates," words that are loosely related such as star—night. In the pretest condition, students were given the first word of the pair (star— ???) and told to try to generate the second member that they would have to later remember. They had 8 seconds to do so. At that point they were given the target pair for 5 seconds. In the control condition, students were given the pair to study for 13 seconds.
The team found that students remembered the pairs much better when they first tried to retrieve the answer before it was shown to them. Studying a pair for 13 seconds produces worse recall than studying the pair for 5 seconds, if students in the latter condition spent the previous 8 seconds trying to retrieve or guess the answer. But the effect averaged about 10 percent better recall, and occurred both immediately after study and after a delay averaging 38 hours.
In another experiment, students were asked to read an essay and prepare for a test on it. However, in the pretest condition they were asked questions about the passage before reading it. Asking these kinds of question before reading the passage obviously focuses students’ attention on the critical concepts. To control this "direction of attention" issue, in the control condition students were either given additional time to study, or the researchers focused their attention on the critical passages in one of several ways: by italicizing the critical section, by holding the key term that would be tested, or by a combination of strategies. However, in all the experiments they found an advantage in having students first guess the answers.
Of course, these are general-purpose strategies and work for any type of material, not just textbooks. And remember, even if you get the questions wrong as you self-test yourself during study the process is still useful, indeed much more useful than just studying. Getting the answer wrong is a great way to learn. [503 words]
The author introduces his topic by______.
选项
A、posing a contrast
B、making a comparison
C、justifying an assumption
D、explaining a phenomenon
答案
A
解析
本题考查写作方法。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/m8d4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessmayb
Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessmayb
Radiationoccursfromthreenaturalsources:radioactivematerialintheenvironment,suchasinsoil,rock,orbuildingmateria
Intheeyesofthewriter,bankfailuresintheearly1930sWhatistheattitudeofthegovernmenttowardsthecurrentsituatio
WhentheVikingsinvadedGreatBritain,theydidmorethanslaughterthepopulation,ransackthecitiesandscorchtheearth.Th
Thepassageismainlyabout______.WhichofthefollowingstatementcanNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?
Fromwhatyouhaveread,wouldyouexpectmannerstoimproveamongpeoplewhoWhatisthepossiblemeaningoftheword"deterio
CillianShepardistoannounceareviewofexaminationstandardstodayascontroversysurroundinguniversityentranceprocedures
Whatdoesthefirstsentenceofthepassagemean?Whatdoestheword"mind-boggling"(Sentence1,Paragraph3)probablymean?
ThepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthistextistoDespitesignsOfstrongeconomicrecovery,Americancompaniesarestillpr
随机试题
某女性患者,患有胆囊炎以下哪个部位有明显触痛()
在确立系统实施目标中发挥着主导作用的是()
女性,35岁。人工流产后出现双手指关节疼3个月,伴晨僵约1小时左右,对症用中药治疗效果不佳。查体双手第1、2掌指关节(MCP),2~4近端指间关节(PIP)肿胀,压痛明显,X线示关节间隙正常,双手骨质疏松,可见小囊性破坏样改变。下列哪项指标最有利于判断
中度妊娠高血压综合征患者首选的处理措施是
《危险化学品安全管理条例》规定,生产危险化学品的,应在危险化学品的包装内附有危险化学品完全一致的化学品()。
签发审计报告前的审计工作底稿的复核,一般由主任会计师负责,是对整套工作底稿进行()
下列各项中,不属于现行房产税税率的是()。
某国有独资公司拟改制为国有资本控股公司,涉及重新安置企业职工。对此,下列说法错误的是()。
《齐民要术》是关于()。
玉米的正常市场价格为每公斤1.86元到2.18元,近期某地玉米价格涨至每公斤2.68元。经测算,向市场每投放储备玉米100吨,每公斤玉米价格可下降0.05元。为稳定玉米价格,向该地投放储备玉米的数量不能超过()。
最新回复
(
0
)