首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
JOBS A person planning for a career today must look carefully at the expected occupational trends and changes in the job mar
JOBS A person planning for a career today must look carefully at the expected occupational trends and changes in the job mar
admin
2010-09-10
61
问题
JOBS
A person planning for a career today must look carefully at the expected occupational trends and changes in the job market. Affecting the economy are changes in the size, age, and distribution of the population, as well as developments in technology. These changes also affect employment opportunities. For example, an aging population has increased the need for medical care and other health services. Computer technology has not only eliminated or changed the nature of many jobs but also created new occupations. By analyzing the changing economy and the factors causing these changes, a person can forecast, or predict, future trends in employment.
A New Labor Force
The United States labor force--the total number of people over the age of 16 who are employed or are actively seeking work totaled 127 million in 1992. By the year 2005, the labor force is expected to reach 151 million, an increase of 19%. This increase represents a slight slowdown in the growth of the labor force compared with growth during the previous 13-year period, 1979- 1992. The slowdown is largely due to slower population growth in the United States.
The U. S. labor force will become more diverse by 2005, White non-Hispanic men will make up a slightly smaller proportion of the labor force than in 1992, while women and minority group members will make up a larger share, Between 1992 and 2005, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and other ethnic(种族的) groups will account for roughly 35% of all people entering the work force. In addition, women will continue to join the labor force in growing numbers. In 1979, women made up 42% of the labor force. By 2005, their share is expected to be 48%.
The age make-up of the U. S. population will change from 1992 to 2005. There will be a smaller proportion of children and teenagers and a larger proportion of middle-aged and older people. The decline in the proportion of Children and teenagers reflects the lower birth rates of the 1980s and 1990s. The large increase in the middle-aged population reflects the aging of the baby boom generation--people born between 1946 and 1964. The rapid growth of the older population reflects both the high birth rates before the 1930s and improvements in medical technology that are allowing Americans to live longer.
The changing age make-up of the U. S. population will directly affect tomorrow’s work force, Young people age 16 to 24 are expected to make up roughly the same percentage of the labor force in 2005 as they did in 1992. However, the percentage of workers age 25 to 34 will decline dramatically, from 28% to 21%. The baby boom generation will continue to add members to the work force, but their’ share will decline slightly. The most striking change will be a large increase in the percentage of workers between the ages of 45 and 54. These workers will account for 24% of the labor force in 2005, up from 18% in 1992. Workers in this age group usually have more employment experience than younger workers. Thus, employers will be able to choose from a larger pool of experienced applicants, people seeking jobs, in coming years.
Education: A Prerequisite(先决条件) for Employment
The education level of the labor force has risen dramatically in recent years. In 1980, for example, 19% of all workers age 25 and older had completed four years of college. In 1992, 27% had a bachelor’s degree or higher. The trend toward higher educational achievement is expected to continue.
From 1992 to 2005, employment growth will be faster for occupations requiring higher levels of education or training than for those requiring less. Managerial, professional, and technical positions will make up an increasing proportion of new jobs that become available. Many of the occupations projected for grow most rapidly are those with higher earnings.
Office and factory automation, changes in consumer demand, and the movement of factories overseas will continue to affect job opportunities. Employment in jobs requiring little formal education may decline. They may also stagnate, or stay the same, making job opportunities for people who have not finished high school increasingly limited. In addition, those workers will be more likely to have low paying jobs with little opportunity for advancement.
Goods Vs Services
Today industries providing services employ more people than those providing goods. Currently, about 21% of the labor force is employed in goods-producing industries, such as mining, manufacturing, and construction. About 79% of United States workers are employed in service-producing industries, such as health care, education, transportation, communications, and banking. Economists forecast a continued increase in the number of jobs in service-producing industries. By 2005, service jobs are expected to make up 82% of the job market.
Employment Trends in Service Industries
Health services will continue to be one of the fastest growing industries in the U. S. economy from 1992 to 2005. For example, home health care is the second most rapidly growing industry today. The increased demand for health services is due to improvements in medical technology, the growing size of the U.S. population, and the increasing proportion of older people in the population.
Business services, also will generate many jobs by 2005. However, this industry will grow more slowly than it did from 1979 to 1992. Business services include one of the fastest growing industries in the U.S. economy: computer and data processing services. This industry’s rapid growth is due to advances in technology, worldwide trends toward office and factory automation, and increased demand by companies, government agencies, and individuals.
Other service industries also will experience growth from 1992 to 2005. Education, for example, is expected to add 2.8 million jobs due to population growth and rising school enrollments. Employment in social services is expected to increase by 1.7 million, In fact, the most rapidly growing industry in the U. S. economy today is residential care. The economy will also see strong job growth in the passenger transportation industry, including travel agencies. Employment in the communications industry, however, is expected to decline by 12%. This decline is due to laborsaving technology and increased competition among companies.
Employment Trends in Goods-Producing Industries
Overall employment in goods-producing industries is expected to show little change between 1992 and 2005. However, growth will vary among industries, with some industries experiencing an increase in jobs and others experiencing a decrease.
Employment in the construction industry, for example, is expected to increase 26%, from 4. 5 million in 1992 to 5.6 million in 2005. The need to improve the nation’s roads, bridges, and tunnels will offset (补偿) the declining demand for new homes and office buildings. Also, after declining for many years, overall employment in farming, forestry, and fishing is projected to grow by 14%, from 1.7 million to 2 million jobs.
Jobs in other goods-producing industries will continue to decline. For example, employment in manufacturing is expected to decrease by 3% from its 1992 level of 18 million jobs. Most of the jobs that will disappear will be production jobs, as machines continue to replace people. However, the number of professional and technical positions in manufacturing will increase. Mining employment, which includes the petroleum industry, is expected to decline 11% by 2005, from 631,000 to 562,000 jobs.
The increasing proportion of older people is one of the reasons why home health care grows fastest today.
选项
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案
B
解析
本题定位词是home health care“家庭医疗护理”,是服务行业的具体内容,从而锁定“Goods Vs Services”部分的Employment Trends in Service Industries。该部分第一段就是与home health care相关的信息。题干中关于older people的信息是正确的,the increasing proportion of older people确实是该行业增长的原因,但是这里需要注意的是题干中关于这个行业本身的表述是错误的。题干中说home health care grows fastest,这与原文中home health care is the second most rapidly growing industry today的表述不一致。所以此题题干的表述是错误的。另外,题干以The increasing proportion of older people开句,容易使考生错以为答案出处是在“A New Labor Force”部分。这一点可以根据题目顺序与行文顺序基本一致的原则排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/mD87777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
TheFourStepinEssayWriting—CollegeWritingSkillwithReadingsStep1:Beginwith
Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublication
A、Customsofficerandtraveler.B、Hotelclerkandresident.C、Professorandstudent.D、Landlordandlodger.Bcheckin登记,signthe
Asresearcherslearnmoreabouthowchildren’sintelligencedevelops,theyare【S1】______surprisedbythepowerofparents.The
Inordertolearnaforeignlanguagewell,itisnecessarytoovercomethefearofdoingmistakes.【M1】______.
Inordertolearnaforeignlanguagewell,itisnecessarytoovercomethefearofdoingmistakes.【M1】______.
Anothercommontypeofreasoningisthesearchforcausesandresults.Wewanttoknowwhethercigarettesreallydocauselungc
YouwillfindthatteachingstylesintheUSaremuchdifferentthanthoseinothercountries.TeachingintheUSismore【S1】___
YouwillfindthatteachingstylesintheUSaremuchdifferentthanthoseinothercountries.TeachingintheUSismore【S1】___
RussiaisthelargesteconomicpowerthatisnotamemberoftheWorldTradeOrganization.Butthatmaychange.LastFriday,the
随机试题
患者,男,53岁。肝功能反复异常10年,1个月前因劳累及受凉后出现四肢乏力、食欲差、腹胀加重,近20天来出现全身皮肤黏膜黄染,呈进行性加重入院。查体:急性重病容,面色灰暗,皮肤、巩膜深度黄染,肝掌(+),颈部有数个蜘蛛痣,腹膨隆,腹水征(+),肝脾触摸不满
邪热内盛,深伏于里,阳气被遏,不能外达,手足厥冷。属于
1972年在某地动工兴建一座年产48万吨尿素、30万吨合成氨的化肥厂,其单位产品的造价为:每吨尿素560~590元,又知该厂在建设时的总投资为28000万元,假定从1972~1994年每年平均工程造价指数为1.10,即每年递增10%。(1)利用单位
企业可采取的混合性筹资方式主要有()。
从事生产、经营的纳税人应当自领取税务登记证件之日起( )日内,将其财务、会计制度或财务、会计处理办法和会计核算软件报送税务机关备案。
中国人民银行对()有权进行检查监督。
泰勒原理由两条密切相关的基本原理组成:一条是课程编制原理,另一条是()
Wherewillthemeetingtakeplace?WhatisBillgoingtodo?
China’sNewMiddleClassXiaJiapingopenedhislivingroomwindowandgazedoutacrossthecityhecallshome."Noneofthi
A、TheGreenLandProjectisunique.B、Themanshouldgiveitasecondthought.C、It’shardtogetanapplicationform.D、Sheals
最新回复
(
0
)