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  3. Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now o

Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now o

admin2010-08-04  36
问题     Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
     But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive(使复活)the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?
    The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’ s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
    Employment became widespread when the enclosures (圈地运动) of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people  traveled longer distances to their places of employment until eventually many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.
    Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.
    All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
As a result of the enclosures of the 17th and 1th centuries people were______.
选项 A、legally entitled to own land
B、forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves
C、not adequately compensated(补偿) for the loss of their land
D、badly paid for the work they managed to find
答案B
解析 细节题。本题问17和18世纪的“圈地运动”给人们带来了什么后果。第四段第一句提到“‘圈地运动’剥夺了人们的十地和自力更生的生活方式，使得人们依赖工资而生存。”因此B项“迫使人们寻找其他自力更生的方式”正确。
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大学英语四级

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