首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
What would make a smoker more likely to quit, a big reward for succeeding or a little penalty for failing? That is what research
What would make a smoker more likely to quit, a big reward for succeeding or a little penalty for failing? That is what research
admin
2017-12-19
89
问题
What would make a smoker more likely to quit, a big reward for succeeding or a little penalty for failing? That is what researchers wanted to know when they assigned a large group of CVS employees(CVS Caremark is the country’s largest drugstore chain by sales), their relatives and friends to different smoking cessation programs.
"Adding a bit of a stick was much better than a pure carrot. These large employers are spending an average of $800 to $900 per employee per year, but in ways that are often blind to normal human psychology" said Dr. Scott Halpern, who led the study. The trial was intended to change that. Researchers randomly assigned the participants to a number of program options and let them decide whether they wanted to participate. The penalty program required participants to deposit $150; six months later, those who had quit smoking would get the deposit back, along with a $650 reward. In the reward-only program, participants were simply offered an $800 payment if they stayed off cigarettes for six months.
The trial, which was described in The New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesday, was the largest yet to test whether offering people financial incentives could lead to better health. Researchers found that offering incentives was far more effective in getting people to stop smoking than the traditional approach of giving free smoking cessation help, such as counseling or nicotine replacement therapy like gum, medication or patches. But they also found that requiring a $150 deposit that would be lost if the person failed to stay off cigarettes for six months nearly doubled the chances of success.
"This is an original set of findings," said Cass R. Sunstein, a Harvard law professor who helped develop some influential ideas in the field of behavioral economics, notably that if the social environment can be changed—for example, by posting simple warnings—people can be nudged into better behavior. "They could be applied to many health issues, like alcoholism, or whenever people face serious self-control problems."
Over all, success eluded most of the study participants. More than 80 percent of smokers in the most popular pure rewards group were still smoking at the end of the study. Even so, researchers say, their success rate was far greater than for those who got the traditional treatment. Smoking is the largest cause of preventable death in the United States. Diseases linked to it kill more than 480,000 Americans a year. And even a small decline could have a big health effect.
According to Cass R. Sunstein, the findings of the study can be used in the following fields EXCEPT the field of______.
选项
A、warnings
B、alcoholism
C、health problems
D、self-control issues
答案
A
解析
细节题。根据题干关键词Cass R.Sunstein定位到第四段。由该段最后一句“这些 发现可以应用到很多健康问题方面,如酗酒,或是人面临严重自我控制问题的时候”可 知.B项“酗酒”属于C项“健康问题”,而C项和D项“自我控制问题”都属于这些发现 的应用领域。A项“警告”与文章中的应用领域无关,符合题干,故A项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/mLBZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Collegestudentsaremorestressedoutthaneverbefore—atleastaccordingtothelatestfindingsofalarge,nationalsurveyth
Bigcompaniesswallowlittleoneseveryday.Sothe【C1】______onMarch25thbyYahoo(annualrevenue,$5billion)ofSummly,aBr
MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itspeededupphysica
MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itspeededupphysica
TheNegativeInfluenceoftheInternetBarStudythepicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describ
TheShort-sightedStudentsWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describet
Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically"proved"byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymadeitnecessarytohave
[A]OnereasonfortheunusuallyhighratiooffemaleartistsinPakistanhastodowiththefactthattheartindustryhasnot
Morethananyotherindustry,America’smulti-billion-dollarentertainmentbusinessiscaughtinthecrossfireofthecountry’s
Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchartonpeople’sperceptionofshoppingwebsites.Inyourwriting,youshould1)inte
随机试题
热丝钨极焊填充焊丝与钨极的角度不是()。
PRECEDE-PROCEED模式中,影响行为的相关因素中,内在动力是【】
A.孕早期B.孕12周后C.孕20周后D.孕30周后E.孕晚期妊娠高血压综合征一般在何时发病
下述不属于抗ENA抗体的是
A、3.870B、3.871C、3870D、3.870×104E、3.870×105;将以下数字修约为四位有效数字28700
依据《药品管理法》和《实施条例》规定可以收取费用的是
1.背景新建一图书馆工程,建设单位自行组织招标。招标文件规定:合格投标人为本省企业;自招标文件发出之日起15d后投标截止;投标人对招标人提出的疑问分别以书面形式回复给相应的提出疑问的投标人。建设行政主管部门评审招标文件时,认为个别条款不符合规定,经整改后
教学内容:蹲踞式跳远。以下是王老师教学过程的基本部分:(1)一步上板踏跳练习;(2)三步上板踏跳练习;(3)全程助跑踏跳练习;(4)蹲踞式跳远完整动作练习;(5)蹲踞式跳远比赛,师生互评,教师总结。在教学过程中,学生在练习时出现了不同的问
关于真理与价值,以下说法中正确的是()。
“尊重自然”是党的第十八次代表大会提出的新的生态文明理念。下列观点体现这一理念的是()。①人对自然要有敬畏之心②人对自然要有感恩之情③人对自然要有报恩之意④人对自然要有顺从之念
最新回复
(
0
)