首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
What would make a smoker more likely to quit, a big reward for succeeding or a little penalty for failing? That is what research
What would make a smoker more likely to quit, a big reward for succeeding or a little penalty for failing? That is what research
admin
2017-12-19
31
问题
What would make a smoker more likely to quit, a big reward for succeeding or a little penalty for failing? That is what researchers wanted to know when they assigned a large group of CVS employees(CVS Caremark is the country’s largest drugstore chain by sales), their relatives and friends to different smoking cessation programs.
"Adding a bit of a stick was much better than a pure carrot. These large employers are spending an average of $800 to $900 per employee per year, but in ways that are often blind to normal human psychology" said Dr. Scott Halpern, who led the study. The trial was intended to change that. Researchers randomly assigned the participants to a number of program options and let them decide whether they wanted to participate. The penalty program required participants to deposit $150; six months later, those who had quit smoking would get the deposit back, along with a $650 reward. In the reward-only program, participants were simply offered an $800 payment if they stayed off cigarettes for six months.
The trial, which was described in The New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesday, was the largest yet to test whether offering people financial incentives could lead to better health. Researchers found that offering incentives was far more effective in getting people to stop smoking than the traditional approach of giving free smoking cessation help, such as counseling or nicotine replacement therapy like gum, medication or patches. But they also found that requiring a $150 deposit that would be lost if the person failed to stay off cigarettes for six months nearly doubled the chances of success.
"This is an original set of findings," said Cass R. Sunstein, a Harvard law professor who helped develop some influential ideas in the field of behavioral economics, notably that if the social environment can be changed—for example, by posting simple warnings—people can be nudged into better behavior. "They could be applied to many health issues, like alcoholism, or whenever people face serious self-control problems."
Over all, success eluded most of the study participants. More than 80 percent of smokers in the most popular pure rewards group were still smoking at the end of the study. Even so, researchers say, their success rate was far greater than for those who got the traditional treatment. Smoking is the largest cause of preventable death in the United States. Diseases linked to it kill more than 480,000 Americans a year. And even a small decline could have a big health effect.
According to Cass R. Sunstein, the findings of the study can be used in the following fields EXCEPT the field of______.
选项
A、warnings
B、alcoholism
C、health problems
D、self-control issues
答案
A
解析
细节题。根据题干关键词Cass R.Sunstein定位到第四段。由该段最后一句“这些 发现可以应用到很多健康问题方面,如酗酒,或是人面临严重自我控制问题的时候”可 知.B项“酗酒”属于C项“健康问题”,而C项和D项“自我控制问题”都属于这些发现 的应用领域。A项“警告”与文章中的应用领域无关,符合题干,故A项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/mLBZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
WhydoweneedtheEnglishmajor?The【C1】______isineverymouth—or,atleast,isdiscussedextensivelyincolumnsand【C2】______
WhydoweneedtheEnglishmajor?The【C1】______isineverymouth—or,atleast,isdiscussedextensivelyincolumnsand【C2】______
OnFoodSafetyWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingb
TheShort-sightedStudentsWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describet
Morethananyotherindustry,America’smulti-billion-dollarentertainmentbusinessiscaughtinthecrossfireofthecountry’s
Willrobotstakeovertheworkforce?Andiftheydo,whatjobswillbeleftforushumans?Manydiscussionstakea【C1】______
Asearlyasthe19thcentury,shoppershaveviewedThanksgivingDayasthetraditionalstarttotheholidayshoppingseason,an
KellySortinohadatoughtimerecallingwhatshe’daccomplishedattheendofeachbusyworkday.Herjobasheadoftheupper
KellySortinohadatoughtimerecallingwhatshe’daccomplishedattheendofeachbusyworkday.Herjobasheadoftheupper
KellySortinohadatoughtimerecallingwhatshe’daccomplishedattheendofeachbusyworkday.Herjobasheadoftheupper
随机试题
某工程为6层钢筋混凝土框架结构,柱高5m,主梁跨度8m。主体施工为2006年11月至2007年2月,期间室外最低温度通常在一5~1℃。二层柱混凝土施工时,直接将混凝土由柱模顶端分层灌入,每次灌注厚度40cm,用6m长木杆加以振捣,在拆模时发生了严重的蜂窝和
曹禺展示“损不足以奉有余”的社会生活的戏剧是()
当一个群体开会讨论有关问题而出现不同意见分歧时,会经历以下过程()。
Whenamanknowsthathewillbeputintoprisonifheusesapotentiallydeadlyobjecttorobordoharmtoanotherperson,he
热原是微生物产生的内毒素,其致热活性中心是
中共中央强调,“十二五”时期解决我国所有问题的关键仍然是()
向不特定对象公开发行的证券票面总值超过人民币( )万元的,应当由承销团承销。
标准容器是指按照企业标准与技术要求制造的物流容器,这类物流容器不仅适用于一个企业内部,而且适用于整个供应链,乃至跨行业的范围。()
以下有关优选培训方法不正确的内容是()。
公地效应是指公地作为一项资源或财产有许多拥有者,他们中的每一个人都有使用权,但都没有权利阻止其他人使用,从而造成资源过度使用和枯竭。根据上述定义,下述现象不属于公地效应的是:
最新回复
(
0
)