首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine. From the time o
The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine. From the time o
admin
2017-06-30
50
问题
The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine. From the time of the ancient Greeks to the beginning of the 20th century, it was generally accepted by both physician and patient that the mind can affect the course of illness, and it seemed natural to apply this concept in medical treatments of disease. After the discovery of antibiotics, a new assumption arose that treatment of infectious or inflammatory disease requires only the elimination of the foreign organism or agent that triggers the illness. In the rush to discover antibiotics and drugs that cure specific infections and diseases, the fact that the body’s own responses can influence susceptibility to disease and its course was largely ignored by medical researchers.
It is ironic that research into infectious and inflammatory disease first led 20th-century medicine to reject the idea that the mind influences physical illness, and now research in the same field — including the work of our laboratories and of our collaborators at the National Institutes of Health — is proving the contrary. New molecular and pharmacological tools have made it possible for us to identify the intricate network that exists between the immune system and the brain, a network that allows the two systems to signal each other continuously and rapidly. Chemicals produced by immune cells signal the brain, and the brain in turn sends chemical signals to restrain the immune system. These same chemical signals also affect behavior and the response to stress. Disruption of this communication network in any way, whether inherited or through drugs, toxic substances or surgery, exacerbates the diseases that these systems guard against: infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, and associated mood disorders.
The clinical significance of these findings is likely to prove profound. They hold the promise of extending the range of therapeutic treatments available for various disorders, as drugs previously known to work primarily for nervous system problems are shown to be effective against immune maladies, and vice versa. They also help to substantiate the popularly held impression(still discounted in some medical circles)that our state of mind can influence how well we resist or recover from infectious or inflammatory diseases.
The brain’s stress response system is activated in threatening situations. The immune system responds automatically to pathogens and foreign molecules. These two response systems are the body’s principal means for maintaining an internal steady state called homeostasis. A substantial proportion of human cellular machinery is dedicated to maintaining it.
When homeostasis is disturbed or threatened, a repertoire of molecular, cellular and behavioral responses comes into play. These responses attempt to counteract the disturbing forces in order to reestablish a steady state. They can be specific to the foreign invader or a particular stress, or they can be generalized and nonspecific when the threat to homeostasis exceeds a certain threshold. The adaptive response may themselves turn into stressors capable of producing disease. We are just beginning to understand the interdependence of the brain and the immune system, how they help to regulate and counterregulate each other and how they themselves can malfunction and produce disease.
Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
选项
A、Taking the cure at a mountain sanatorium doesn’t work for the treatment for many chronic diseases.
B、The relaxing effects of hot-springs spa can help restore the communication between the brain and immune system.
C、The disruption of the brain’s stress response reduces the body’s response.
D、Depression is also associated with inflammatory disease.
答案
D
解析
推理题。本文第一句就指出,精神在身体疾病治疗方面起着重要作用。第二段又说,新的分子和药理学工具使我们能够证实存在于免疫系统和大脑之间的复杂网络,这个网络可以让免疫系统和大脑相互迅速地发出连续的信号。免疫细胞所产生的化学物质向大脑发出信号,大脑反过来发送化学信号来抑制免疫系统。这些相同的化学信号也影响了人们的行为和对压力的反应。任何方式造成的信息网络中断,无论是遗传还是药物、有毒物质或手术,都会使防御系统预防的下列病症恶化:感染、发炎、自体免疫和相关的情绪障碍。最后一段又说,大脑和免疫系统在许多方面都是相互依赖的,它们相互帮助调节和反调节,以及它们本身会发生故障并引发疾病。据此可推理得知,抑郁症也与炎症性疾病有关,故D项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/mSFO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Thegreatchariotofsociety,whichforsolonghadrundownthegentleslopeoftradition,nowfounditselfpoweredbyaninterna
Thegreatchariotofsociety,whichforsolonghadrundownthegentleslopeoftradition,nowfounditselfpoweredbyaninterna
ThegravitationalpulloftheEarthandmoonisimportanttousasweattempttoconquermoreandmoreofouter-space.Here’swh
Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife’sproblems
Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife’sproblems
Iffullcreditsweregiventothispart,itcould_____ahighgradeforthestudentinhisphysicalcourse.
Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmay
Duringourlives,allofusareexposedtothepossibilityofavarietyofriskeventssuchas:workaccidents,majorillness,de
随机试题
汽车电路的基本特点有哪些?
A.腹痛具有疼痛一便意一便后缓解的特点B.腹痛具有周期性、节律性特点C.腹痛于餐后发生,排便后可暂时缓解D.腹痛于弯腰抱膝时减轻E.腹痛为无规律性隐痛溃疡性结肠炎的临床表现是
2004年6月8日,公民李甲因意外受轻伤人院治疗,大夫误诊致使李甲成为植物人。其姐李乙愤而向人民法院起诉,请求医院赔偿财产损失和精神损害。则下列何种说法是正确的?()
瓦斯隧道爆破施工前,应检测放炮地点附近50m以内风流中甲烷浓度。()
土地增值税实行四级超率累进税率。()
请从所给的四个选项中选出一个,使之与已知图形保持相同的变化规律。()
《中法停战条约》
优秀运动员全程性多年训练过程中,训练负荷始终保持在高水平区间起伏的是()
抗日民族统一战线正式形成的标志是( )
A.benefitsB.differentC.eventuallyD.instrumentsE.movingF.multipleG.unsalariedH.numberI.paid
最新回复
(
0
)