首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Changes in the volume of unemployment are governed by three fundamental forces: the growth of the labor force, the increase in o
Changes in the volume of unemployment are governed by three fundamental forces: the growth of the labor force, the increase in o
admin
2005-11-28
38
问题
Changes in the volume of unemployment are governed by three fundamental forces: the growth of the labor force, the increase in output per man hour, and the growth of total demand for goods and services. Changes in the average hours of work enter in exactly parallel fashion but have been quantitatively less significant. As productivity rises, less labor is required per dollar of national product, or more goods and services can be produced with the same number of man—goods.
If output does not grow, employment will certainly fall; if production increases more rapidly than productivity(less any decline in average hours worked), employment must rise. But the labor force grows, too. Unless gross national product(total final expenditure for goods and services corrected for price changes)rises more rapidly than the stun of productivity increase and labor force growth(again modified for any change in hours of work), the increase in employment will be inadequate to absorb the growth in the labor force. Inevitably the unemployment rate will increase. Only when total production expands faster than the rate of labor force growth pins the rate of productivity increase and minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment fall. Increases in productivity were more important than growth of the labor force as sources of the wide gains in output experienced in the period from the end of the war to the mid-sixties. These increases in potential production simply were not matched by increases in demand adequate to maintain steady full employment.
Except for the recession years of 1949, 1954 and 1958, the rate of economic growth exceeded the rate of productivity increase. However, in the late 1950s productivity and labor force were increasing more rapidly than usual, while the growth of output was slower than usual. This accounted for the change in employment rates.
But if part of the national purpose is to reduce and contain unemployment, arithmetic is not enough. We must know which of the basic factors we can control and which we wish to control. Unemployment would have risen more slowly or fallen more rapidly if productivity had increased more slowly, or the labor force had increased more slowly, or the hours of work had fallen more steeply, or total output had grown more rapidly. These are not independent factors, however, and a change in any of them might cause change in the others.
A society can choose to reduce the growth of productivity, and it can probably find ways to frustrate its own creativity. However, while a reduction in the growth of productivity at the expense of potential output might result in higher employment in the short run, the long-run effect on the national interest would be disastrous.
We must also give consideration to the fact that hidden beneath national averages is continuous movement into, out of, between, and within labor markets. For example, 15 years ago, the average number of persons in the labor force was 74 million, with about 70 million employed and 3.9 million unemployed. Yet 14 million experienced some term of unemployment in that year. Some were new entrants to the labor force; others were laid off temporarily, the remainders were those who were permanently or indefinitely severed from their jobs. Thus, the average number unemployed during a year understates the actual volume of involuntary-displacement that occurs.
High unemployment is not an inevitable result of the pace of technological change but the consequence of passive public policy. We can anticipate a moderate increase in the labor force accompanied by a slow and irregular decline in hours or work. It follows that the output of the economy—and the aggregate demand to buy it—must grow by more than 4 percent a year just to prevent the unemployment rate from rising, and by even more if the unemployment rate is to fail further. Yet our economy has seldom, if ever, grown at a rate greater than 3.5 percent for any extended length of time.
We have no cause for complacency. Positive fiscal, monetary, and man power policies will be needed in the future.
The author’s purpose in this passage is to______.
选项
A、define the economic terms used in discussion of employment
B、criticize the decisions of past administrations during recession years
C、call for the application of positive economic control policies in the year that lie ahead
D、allay current fears about increasing unemployment
答案
C
解析
本题中,A、B、D三项均不是作者的目的。从文章最后一段可知作者写本文是为了呼吁应该采取积极的财政金融政策。因此C项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/mTIO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
•Lookatthestatementsbelowandtheinformationonsoyandsoyproductontheoppositepage.•Whichsection(A,B,C,orD)
Lookatthestatementsbelowandthetextontheoppositepageabouttheexportmarketoffourcountries.Whichsection(A,B
VictoriaSandersonfirstjoinedSHCComputerSystemsbecausesheWhatisspecialaboutVictoria’sprices?
•Readthefollowingpassagewhichadvisescandidateshowtoanswerdifficultinterviewquestions.•Arethesentences16-22"Ri
Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically"proved"byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymakeitnecessarytohave
Growingeconomicproblemswerehighlightedbyaslowdowninoiloutput.
(1)Viewedfromastarinsomeothercornerofthegalaxy,Earthwouldbeaspeck,afaintbluedothiddenintheblazinglight
Mypanicwas_____andceasedwhenIbegantohavemyclass.
Thereportersgatheredaroundhimandinterviewedhim,buthe______theirquests.
Violinprodigies,Ilearned,havecomeindistinctwavesfromdistinctregions.Mostofthegreatperformersinthelate19than
随机试题
内寒
梁的弯曲应力为______。刚度验算中梁的挠度为______。
水力发电工程的工程项目划分一般分为()级。
下列何种单证属于报关基本单证?()
肌肉拉长时长度不变的是()。
创伤后应激障碍:是一种极度的灾难性的持续效果,即经历了创伤以后,持续的、不必要的、无法控制的无关事件的念头,强烈的避免提及事件的愿望、睡眠障碍、社会退缩以及强烈警觉的焦虑障碍。下列不属于创伤后应激障碍的是:
A、 B、 C、 D、 B本题中第一组图形的规律为,第三图形文前两个图形的叠加,相同的部位为阴影,不同的部位为空白依此规律知,正确答案为B。
作为中国长安画派的创新人物。周一波的画作不仅汲取了西方当代绘画的艺术精髓,形成了独特的“水墨杂文”艺术风格,更重要的是始终保持着对脚下大地的热切关注,对民间疾苦的高度关切。而无论是“乡土幽默”的专业评价,还是“民生情怀”的观众留言,画展收获的赞誉,也再次印
北宋史学家司马光说过:“才者,德之资也;德者,才之帅也。”这句话告诉我们,作为新时代的青年,我们要做到()
Themiddleagedwomanhasbeen______withaseriousillnessforhalfayear;sheisdyingnow.
最新回复
(
0
)