Zambia’s copper industry, which only last year still boasted a rosy future, seems to be staggering towards a rather gloomier end

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问题    Zambia’s copper industry, which only last year still boasted a rosy future, seems to be staggering towards a rather gloomier end. A group of worried bystanders—the World Bank, the Zambian government, private investors, the mine workers and their families—are looking on, wringing their hands. Some 15,000 jobs and Zambia’s biggest industry are threatened by the mines’ possible closure. What has gone wrong?
   Consider first the invisible hand of the market. Zambia’s copper is too expensive. Two years ago, when the mines were privatized, it cost 100 cents to dig out every pound of copper. But the world price at the time was just 84 cents. Last year, efficiency improved and the Konk01a Copper Mines (the country’s largest) turned out a pound of copper for 85 cents. But that, sadly, was still well over the market price, which had by then fallen to 75 cents.

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答案赞比亚的铜工业去年还在吹嘘前景美妙,现在却似乎正踉跄走向黯淡的结局。世界银行,赞比亚政府,私人投资者,矿工及其家人,这群忧心忡忡的旁观者正攥紧双手关注事态的发展。铜矿可能会关闭,这威胁到约 15 000份工作和赞比亚最大的工业。是什么出了问题? 首先考虑市场这只看不见的手。赞比亚的铜太贵了。两年前,铜矿私有化,那时出产每磅铜需要100美分,而当时世界平均价仅84美分。去年,效率有所提高,赞比亚最大的铜矿,刚果拉铜矿的出产每磅需要85美分,可令人悲哀的是,那仍远远超出市场价,去年的市场价已降至每磅75美分。

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