2. 外语
  3. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Marvels of Medicine in the Twentieth C

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Marvels of Medicine in the Twentieth C

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问题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Marvels of Medicine in the Twentieth Century. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1. Introduction: Advances in medical science—the most important achieve ments made in the twentieth century
1. Development of vaccines and antibiotics
2. Discoveries of new diagnosis methods
3. Advent of genetic engineering, a new branch of biology
Concluding remarks: Even greater wonders to be wrought in the 21st century
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答案 THE MARVELS OF MEDICINE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY Looking back, the twentieth century has seen numerous scientific and technologic achievements, and what stand out high above others are advances in medical science. Their results have clearly been shown in three areas, development of vaccines and antibiotics, discoveries of new diagnosis methods, and the advent of genetic engineering as a new branch of learning. Ever since medical researchers started to devise ways of preventing germs invading the body, and of fighting them once they did, the quality of life for people in the world has remarkably improved. Today smallpox is a forgotten disease, and vaccinations are no longer required. Polio is under control and the vaccine is widely available. The development of such antibiotics as penicillin has helped many people recover from serious illness. Over the past decades more and more doctors have come to realize the importance of detecting changes in the body at an early stage. Modern diagnosis began in the early 1900s with the discovery of X-rays. With the passage of time, new methods for viewing the interior of the body were brought out one after another. In recent years, ultrasonic waves, magnetic resonance and other techniques have made it possible to detect anything in the body that is beginning to be abnormal. Medical advances have been moving in even more fundamental directions. Scientists have found that the body machinery is directed by the genes. Researches in this field have evolved into a new branch of learning—genetic engineering. It was only in the 1950s that scientists discovered the kind of structures the genes have. And at the end of the twentieth century the first "rough map" of the human genetic code was completed. This was referred to as a "major scientific milestone," which might lead to a more fully under standing of the genes that make people susceptible to cancer, AIDS, Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s. With each important discovery, the practice of medicine has undergone a revolution. The medical advances made in the twentieth century have not only improved the lives of many people but also laid a solid foundation for further development in medicine. And I do believe that in the 21st century scientists will work even greater wonders in the area of medical science and eventually find cures to what are now called "incurable" diseases.
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