首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of l
An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of l
admin
2013-01-25
104
问题
An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some bearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controllee and of the members of the governmental agency itself?
A law usually has two important features, in the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others—the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has "committed perjury," we are not told what he has actually said. "Robbery" and "assault" do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned— in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn "rule" behavior.
The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or "enforce" contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is "not under man but under law" have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.
The other distinguishing trait of the law is ______ .
选项
A、punishment is carried out by the courts at all levels
B、rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government control
C、a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by nature
D、any governmental reinforcement
答案
C
解析
根据第二段A law is a rule of...in turn“rule’’behavior,可判断答案为C项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/mX1O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Accordingto_____acrosstherelevantresearchcommunity,thepublishedattackrepresentsanextremepositioninitsdemandsfor
Againstthewishesofmanysmallercountries,Europeis_____astable,ifundesirable,situationlackinganycoherentpolicyoftran
Reflectingonourexploration,wealsodiscoveredthatpeoplewillexploitthenewness,vagueness,andbreadthoftheinformationm
Whatwecallnatureis,_____,thesumofthechangesmadebyallthevariouscreaturesandnaturalforcesintheirintricateacti
EdithSmithofNewYorkwasconcernedabouther18-month-olddaughter,Amanda.Thedaughterdidnotrespondwhenherparentsspok
Inthesetimes,whenourformofgovernmentisbeingcriticizedbypeopleofmanydifferentbeliefs,itisimportantthatweund
TheymaybeoneofBritain’smostsuccessfulexportsandamongtheworld’smostpopularTVshows,rankingalongsidetheWorldCu
Whenhefinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,Johnwas_______pale.
______allourkindnesstohelpher,Sararefusedtolisten.
Tounderstandhowastrologyworks,weshouldfirsttakeaquicklookatthesky.Althoughfilestarsareatenormousdistances,
随机试题
对于肺间质病变,观察细节最理想的CT技术是
恢复盂肱关节活动范围的康复治疗中最重要的是
下列既能破气消积,又能化痰除痞的药物是
紫外线最佳杀菌波长为:
(2008年考试真题)封闭式基金期满终止,清算核资后的()按投资者的出资比例进行分配。
以下不属于个人住房贷款的是()。
某市一家居民企业为增值税一般纳税人,主要生产销售彩色电视机,2012年度有关经营业务如下:(1)销售彩电取得不含税收入8800万元,与彩电配比的销售成本5660万元;(2)转让技术所有权取得收入700万元,直接与技术所有权转让有关的成本和费用1
甲公司为一般纳税人,从事汽车贸易及维修业务,2016年10月有关经营情况如下:(1)进口一批越野车,海关审定的关税完税价格360万元,关税90万元,支付通关、商检费用2.1万元。(2)销售小轿车取得含增值税价款351万元,另收取提车加价款14.04万元
教师的职业角色有哪些?
下列选项中,哪项是综合布线的神经中枢,功能是将主配线架系统与各楼层配线系统连接起来()。
最新回复
(
0
)