2. 外语
  3. News is bad for you—and giving up reading it will make you happier A)In the past few decades, the fortunate among us have recogn

News is bad for you—and giving up reading it will make you happier A)In the past few decades, the fortunate among us have recogn

admin2014-09-30  16
问题          News is bad for you—and giving up reading it will make you happier
A)In the past few decades, the fortunate among us have recognized the hazards of living with an overabundance of food(obesity, diabetes)and have started to change our diets. But most of us do not yet understand that news is to the mind what sugar is to the body. News is easy to digest. The media feeds us small bites of trivial matters that don’t really concern our lives and don’t require thinking. That’s why we experience almost no saturation. Unlike reading books and long magazine articles(which require thinking), we can swallow limitless quantities of news flashes, which are bright-colored candies for the mind. Today, we have reached the same point in relation to information that we faced 20 years ago in regard to food. We are beginning to recognize how poisonous news can be.
B)News misleads. Take the following event(borrowed from Nassim Taleb). A car drives over a bridge, and the bridge collapses. What does the news media focus on? The car. The person in the car. Where he came from. Where he planned to go. How he experienced the crash(if he survived). But that is all irrelevant. What’s relevant? The structural stability of the bridge. That’s the underlying risk that has been staying, and could exist in other bridges. But the car is flashy, it’s dramatic, it’s a person(non-abstract), and it’s news that’s cheap to produce. News leads us to walk around with the completely wrong risk map in our heads. So terrorism is over-rated. Chronic stress is under-rated. The collapse of Lehman Brothers is overrated. Fiscal irresponsibility is under-rated. Astronauts are over-rated. Nurses are under-rated.
C)News is irrelevant. Out of the approximately 10 000 news stories you have read in the last 12 months, name one that—because you consumed it—allowed you to make a better decision about a serious matter affecting your life, your career or your business. The point is: the consumption of news is irrelevant to you. But people find it very difficult to recognize what’s relevant. It’s much easier to recognize what’s new. The relevant versus the new is the fundamental battle of the current age. Media organizations want you to believe that news offers you some sort of a competitive advantage. Many fall for that. We get anxious when we’re cut off from the flow of news. In reality, news consumption is a competitive disadvantage. The less news you consume, the bigger the advantage you have.
D)News has no explanatory power. News items are bubbles popping on the surface of a deeper world. Will accumulating facts help you understand the world? Sadly, no. The relationship is inverted. The important stories are non-stories: slow, powerful movements that develop below journalists’ radar but have a transforming effect. The more "news" you digest, the less of the big picture you will understand. If more information leads to higher economic success, we’d expect journalists to be at the top of the pyramid. That’s not the case.
E)News is harmful to your body. It constantly triggers the limbic(脑边缘系统的)system. Panicky stories stimulate the release of cascades of glucocorticoid(糖皮质激素). This deregulates your immune system and inhibits the release of growth hormones. In other words, your body finds itself in a state of chronic stress. High glucocorticoid levels cause impaired digestion, lack of growth(cell, hair, bone), nervousness and defenselessness to infections. The other potential side-effects include fear, aggression, tunnel-vision etc.
F)News increases cognitive errors. News feeds the mother of all cognitive errors: confirmation bias. In the words of Warren Buffett:"What the human being is best at doing is interpreting all new information so that their prior conclusions remain complete. " News worsens this flaw. We become prone to overconfidence, take stupid risks and misjudge opportunities. It also exacerbates another cognitive error: the story bias. Our brains crave stories that "make sense"—even if they don’t correspond to reality. Any journalist who writes, "The market moved because of X" or "the company went bankrupt because of Y" is an idiot. We are fed up with this cheap way of "explaining" the world.
G)News inhibits thinking. Thinking requires concentration. Concentration requires uninterrupted time. News pieces are specifically engineered to interrupt you. They are like viruses that steal attention for their own purposes. News makes us shallow thinkers. But it’s worse than that. News severely affects memory. There are two types of memory. Long-range memory’s capacity is nearly infinite, but working memory is limited to a certain amount of slippery data. The path from short-term to long-term memory is a choke-point in the brain, but anything you want to understand must pass through it. If this passageway is disrupted, nothing gets through. Because news disrupts concentration, it weakens comprehension. Online news has an even worse impact. In a 2001 study two scholars in Canada showed that comprehension declines as the number of hyperlinks in a document increases. Why? Because whenever a link appears, your brain has to at least make the choice not to click, which in itself is distracting. News is an intentional interruption system.
H)News works like a drug. As stories develop, we want to know how they continue. With hundreds of storylines in our heads, this desire is increasingly compelling and hard to ignore. However, the more news we consume, the more we exercise the neural circuits devoted to skimming and multitasking while ignoring those used for reading deeply and thinking with profound focus. Most news consumers—even if they used to be greedy book readers—have lost the ability to absorb lengthy articles or books. After four, five pages they get tired, their concentration vanishes, they become restless. It’s not because they got older or their schedules became more oppressive. It’s because the physical structure of their brains has changed.
I)News wastes time. If you read the newspaper for 15 minutes each morning, then check the news for 15 minutes during lunch and 15 minutes before you go to bed, then add five minutes here and there when you’re at work, then count distraction and refocusing time, you will lose at least half a day every week. Information is no longer a scarce commodity. But attention is. You are not that irresponsible with your money, reputation or health. Why give away your mind?
J)News makes us passive. News stories are overwhelmingly about things you cannot influence. The daily repetition of news about things we can’t act upon makes us passive. It wears us down until we adopt a worldview that is pessimistic, emotionless, sarcastic and fatalistic(宿命论的). The scientific term is "learned helplessness". It’s a bit of a stretch, but it’s not surprising if news consumption, at least partially contributes to the widespread disease of depression.
K)News kills creativity. Finally, things we already know limit our creativity. This is one reason that mathematicians, novelists, composers and entrepreneurs often produce their most creative works at a young age. Their brains enjoy a wide, uninhabited space that encourages them to come up with and pursue novel ideas. I don’t know a single truly creative mind who is a news junkie—not a writer, not a composer, mathematician, physician, scientist, musician, designer, architect or painter. On the other hand, I know a bunch of viciously uncreative minds who consume news like drugs. If you want to come up with old solutions, read news. If you are looking for new solutions, don’t.
News breeds confirmation bias, from which all misconceptions derive.
选项
答案F
解析 同义转述题。F)段说明新闻的第五大危害：增加认知错误。由定位句可知，认知错误的源泉在于“确认偏见”，而新闻却滋生了这种“确认偏见”。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为F)。
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