首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to
admin
2011-01-21
69
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for in- stance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of ______.
选项
A、a basic human desire to understand and control the world
B、the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C、their strong desire to solve complex problems
D、a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
答案
A
解析
由文章最后一句可得出正确答案为A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/mY3d777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语三级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语三级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Generallyspeaking,aBritishiswidelyregardedasaquiet,shyandconservativepersonwhois【C1】______onlyamongthosewithw
WhatisDr.Francis?
1,600yuan
Manyphrasesusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas"steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding"or"atouchonthebrakes",mak
Aspartofmorecomprehensivecomplianceandethicsprograms,manycompanieshaveformulatedinternalpoliciespertainingtothe
Usingapublictelephonemaywellbeoneoftheminorirritationsoflife,demandingpatience,determinationandastrongpossib
Usingapublictelephonemaywellbeoneoftheminorirritationsoflife,demandingpatience,determinationandastrongpossib
Ecologicaleconomicsrecognizesthathumansandtheireconomiesarepartsoflargernaturale-cosystemsandco-evolvewiththose
Inadditiontotheestablishedenergysourcessuchasgas,coal,oilandnuclear,thereareanumberofothersourcesthatweou
TextChristmaswasa【C1】______affairwhenIgrewup.TherewerejustmyparentsandI.Ivowed【C2】______somedayI’dmarryan
随机试题
下列能体现出海南黎族颇具特色的民族文化和风情的有()。
A.P-R间期延长B.Q-T间期延长C.T波高尖D.T波低平、双相、倒置E.S-T段降低低血钾心电图改变是
腹部标志线不包括
A.面目全身皮肤发黄,颜色鲜明,精神疲倦,舌红苔黄B.面目皮肤发黄,颜色淡而晦暗,日久不退,四肢欠温C.面目全身发黄,气促汗出,肢冷脉微D.面目皮肤发黄,颜色深而晦暗无华,右胁痞块质硬,舌见瘀点E.面目皮肤发黄,发热,烦躁,吐血,两目上视
位于足背外侧,第4、5跖骨底结合部的前方,第5趾长伸肌腱的外侧凹陷处的腧穴是
在游人集中的游览区内,()宾馆、招待所以及休养、疗养机构。
下列各项中,须经股东大会以特别决议的方式通过的事项有()。
下列表述准确的是()。
在社会服务机构的志愿者绩效评估中,评估资料的收集应该侧重()。
(2017·山东)引发求知欲、感知教材、理解教材、巩固知识、运用知识和检查知识是所有课堂教学必备的六个基本阶段。()
最新回复
(
0
)