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  3. An overt impact of modem information systems concerns the individual’s standard and style of living. Information systems affect

An overt impact of modem information systems concerns the individual’s standard and style of living. Information systems affect

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问题    An overt impact of modem information systems concerns the individual’s standard and style of living. Information systems affect the scope and quality of health care, make social services more equitable, enhance personal comfort, provide a greater measure of safety and mobility, and extend the variety of leisure forms at one’s disposal. More subtly but equally important, they also affect the content and style of an individual’s work and in so doing perturb the social and legal practices and conventions to which one is accustomed. New kinds of information products and media necessitate a redefinition of the legal conventions regulating the ownership of products of the human intellect. Moreover, massive data-collecting systems bring into sharp focus the elusive borderline between the common good and personal privacy, calling the need to safeguard stored data against accidental or illegal access, disclosure, or misuse.
   Individuals cannot ignore the impact of automation and information-processing systems on their skills and jobs. Information technology makes obsolete, in part or in entirety, many human functions: first mechanical and repetitive tasks were affected; now clerical and paraprofessional tasks are being automated; and eventually highly skilled and some professional functions will be made unnecessary. Individuals performing these functions face the probability of shorter periods of employment and the need to adapt or change their skills. As technologies, including information technology, grow more sophisticated, their learning curves stretch or the required skills become narrower; continuing training and education are likely to become a way of life for both employee and employer. Unlike the slow, gradual evolution of human labour in past generations, present day changes are occurring rapidly and with little warning. Unless society members anticipate these effects and prepare to cope with them mentally and in practice, job dislocations and forced geographic relocations may prove traumatic for employees and their families.
   The perhaps more fundamental issue of paramount long-term significance for society has to do with the well-being of the human spirit in an increasingly knowledge-intensive environment. In such an environment, knowledge is the principal and perhaps most valuable currency. The growing volume and the rate of obsolescence of knowledge compel the individual to live in the continuous presence of, and frequent interaction with, information resources and systems. Effective use of these resources and systems may be a modern definition of literacy, while the absence of such a skill may very well result in intellectual and possibly economic poverty and inequity. There is a real danger that humans, unwilling or incapable or not given access to information, may be relegated to an existence that falls short of the human potential.
The underlined word "perturb" in the first paragraph most probably means ______.
选项 A、modify
B、neglect
C、permeate
D、upset
答案D
解析 该题问：第一段中的perturb一词可能是什么意思? perturb所在句More subtly but equally important, they also  affect the content and style of an individual’s work and in so doing perturb the social and legal practices and conventions (to which one is accustomed)中的they指information systems；affect和perturb是两个并列的谓语动词；to which引导的定语从句修饰practices and conventions。该句的意思是“更加细微，不过同等重要的是，信息系统对个人的工作内容和方式也会产生影响。在这个过程中必然会影响人们所习惯的社会和法律实践及惯例”。从上下文可以看出，perturb此处的意思和upset(打乱，扰乱)相近，所以，选项D应为正确答案。其他三个词的意思分别是：A项modify(修饰，缓和)；B项neglect(忽视，忽略)；C项permeate(充满，渗入)，均与上下文意思不符。
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