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  3. What is the good life? Aristotle acknowledges that luck has a role to play in the good life, but to what extent does luck effect

What is the good life? Aristotle acknowledges that luck has a role to play in the good life, but to what extent does luck effect

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问题     What is the good life? Aristotle acknowledges that luck has a role to play in the good life, but to what extent does luck effect the good life? If the good life is dependent on external factors, then it would appear that it could not be considered self-sufficient. However, Aristotle argues that the good life is self-sufficient, but communally self-sufficient. Why does Aristotle argue for what appears to be a contradiction in terms? (46)It is contended that luck’s effect on the good life was much greater than Aristotle was prepared to acknowledge and that as a result of the good life being dependent on luck, the good life cannot be considered self sufficient.
    Aristotle believed that the good for humans would be the maximum realization of the function that was unique to humans. Since reason was understood by Aristotle to be the unique quality that humans possessed, it followed that the good for humans was to reason well. (47)Since part of the task of reason was to teach human beings how to act virtuously, the good for humans was the exercise of their faculties in accordance with virtue. The good life, then, was defined by Aristotle as the activity of the soul in accordance with virtue.
    (48)The circumstances that make it likely or unlikely that a person will lead the good life are external and not of one’s own choosing, and are, therefore, dependent on luck. Why not, it might be postulated, limit luck’s effects, specifically narrowing the scope of what constitutes the elements of the good life so as to limit, while not eliminating luck’s role?
    (49) Aristotle held that even if one could be viewed as leading the good life, should one experience any adverse circumstances such as illness, bereavement or isolation, then one could no longer be considered to be leading the good life. "For many reversals and all sorts of luck come about in the course of a life; and it is possible for the person who was most especially doing well to encounter great calamities in old age, as in the stories told about Priam in the Trojan war. But when a person has such misfortunes and ends in a wretched condition, nobody says that he is living well. "
    Aristotle had argued that limiting the scope of luck’s effect on the good life would render life meaningless, yet is this not what is happening here? (50)Knowing that as one ages the probability of experiencing misfortune is heightened, and still maintaining that this is a yardstick by which to measure whether one can be considered to be leading the good life, severely limits the chances of anyone attaining the good life. Limiting the scope of the external factors that affected the good life would render the good life too limiting, according to Aristotle; yet Aristotle has placed such severe limitations on the criteria that needs to be met in order to lead the good life that the probability of anyone ever leading the good life are practically non-existent.  
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答案知道随着一个人年龄的增长，经历不幸的可能性就提高，并且仍然坚持认为这是一个衡量标准，以此来衡量是否一个人可以被看作是过着幸福生活，这样就严重限制了任何人获得幸福生活的机会。
解析 本句看上去很长但是仔细分析起来并不是很复杂，这个句子的主干其实是个主一谓一宾结构的简单句，其实主语相对来看比较长，里面含有两个宾语从句，即knowing和maintaining后面的都是句子的主语，而谓语动词是limits，再后面是limits的宾语。
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