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According to the World Health Organization, air pollution kills about________around the world each year.
According to the World Health Organization, air pollution kills about________around the world each year.
admin
2020-02-11
25
问题
According to the World Health Organization, air pollution kills about________around the world each year.
Air pollution is a killer. The World Health Organization says it kills an estimated seven million people around the world each year. Even if polluted air does not kill us, it can make us very sick. However, breathing dirty air may do more than hurt your body. It can also affect your brain and your ability to think.
A new study shows that air pollution can cause a "huge" reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States. The researchers reported that long-term exposure to air pollution can affect a person’s mental abilities in two areas: language and mathematics.
The researchers studied about 25, 000 people from across China. Between 2010 and 2014, these Chinese men, women and children were given language and math tests. Then researchers compared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air, namely nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing polluted air can reduce a person’s education level by about one year. Chen said that the effect generally is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those with little or no education. "The older persons — they are more affected. And we find, quite interestingly, males are more affected than females. And people working outdoors are more affected than people working indoors. "
The researchers noted that the effect of pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated.
In May 2018, the WHO reported that nine of every 10 people worldwide are breathing polluted air. The study we described earlier found that people who work outdoors fall into a high-risk group. However, that does not mean those who work inside buildings are safe from air pollution.
选项
A、Causes of air pollution.
B、How to deal with air pollution.
C、Air pollution can cause a "huge" reduction in our intelligence.
D、Air pollution can cause damage to people’s health.
答案
C
解析
主旨大意的推理与判断。此题属于能力型题目,要从整篇文章出发,归纳概括文章的主旨大意,切莫本末倒置,主次不分。选项A“Causes of air pollution”表述的是“造成大气污染的成因”,此干扰项属于无中生有,是根据主观想象或是推测得出的结论。选项B“How to deal with air pollution”概括的主旨大意是“如何应对大气污染”,与主题不符,捏造了原文中并不存在的信息,是脱离原文的凭空想象。选项D“Air pollution can cause damage to people’s health”表达的意思是“本文讲述大气污染对人体的危害”,本身表述没有问题,但是表述范围太广,属于过度概括,即人为地扩大了主旨范围。正确选项C“Air pollution can cause a‘huge’reduction in our intelligence”简要概括出了本文的主旨,即“大气污染会造成智力大幅度下降”。在处理主题类题目时,要注意干扰选项的特点:概括不够全面,如以细节信息代替整体;过度概括,即扩大了主题的范围;张冠李戴,即表述符合实际生活,但并不是原文所展现的主题。
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