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  3. Secondhand smoke is accountable for 42,000 deaths annually to nonsmokers in the United States, including nearly 900 infants, acc

Secondhand smoke is accountable for 42,000 deaths annually to nonsmokers in the United States, including nearly 900 infants, acc

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问题     Secondhand smoke is accountable for 42,000 deaths annually to nonsmokers in the United States, including nearly 900 infants, according to a new study. Altogether, annual deaths from secondhand smoke【C1】______ nearly 600,000 years of potential life lost—an average of 14.2 years per person—and $6.6 billion in lost productivity,【C2】______ to $158,000 per death, report the researchers. The new research reveals that despite public health efforts to reduce tobacco use, secondhand smoke continues to【C3】______ a grievous toll on nonsmokers.
    "In general, fewer people are smoking and many have made lifestyle changes, but our research shows that the impacts of secondhand smoke are【C4】______ very large," said lead author Wendy Max, PhD, professor of health economics at the University of California. "The【C5】______ of information on biomarker-measured (生物指标测量 ) exposure allows us to more accurately assess the impact of secondhand smoke exposure on health and productivity. The impact is particularly great for communities of color."
    Exposure to secondhand smoke is linked to a number of【C6】______ illnesses including heart and lung disease, as well as conditions affecting newborns such as low birth weight and respiratory distress syndrome. In the research, the scientists【C7】______ the economic implications— years of potential life lost and the value of lost productivity—on different racial and ethnic groups.
    "Our study probably underestimates the true economic impact of secondhand smoke on【C8】______ ," said Max. "The toll is substantial, with communities of color having the greatest【C9】______ . Interventions need to be designed to reduce the health and economic burden of smoking on smokers and nonsmokers alike, and on particularly【C10】______ groups."
A) losses E) adhering I) fatal M) amounting
B) turbulent F) generalized J) henceforth N) vulnerable
C) nonetheless G) take K) mortality O) gauged
D) availability H) triumphs L) represent
【C7】
选项
答案O
解析 空格前后都是名词，故应填入谓语动词，表示科学家与经济影响(economic implications)之间的关系。破折号中间的内容“数年的潜在寿命损失以及生产价值的损失”具体解释了economic implications，动词gauged“估计，判断”符合此处语境，表示科学家在这项研究中“估计了”经济影响，呼应下文underestimates“低估”经济影响。generalized表示“概括，归纳，推断”，指从事实或例证中得出结论，而此处上下文是说明二手烟的危害很大，目的并非总结经济影响有多大。
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