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  3. In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protec

In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protec

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问题     In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this: it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term "protection". But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations.
    The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, "The old protectionism...coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism — indeed, protectionists as well as(if not more than)free traders stood for laissez faire(放任政策). Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction."
    It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result.
    The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy.
    The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.
This passage is primarily concerned with discussing______.
选项 A、the definition of the new protectionism
B、the difference between new and old protectionism
C、the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world
D、the significance of the welfare state
答案A
解析 文章并没有说明新贸易保护主义是如何在西欧兴起的，可先排除C项；福利国家的出现是新贸易保护主义的胜利，D项内容只是文章一个分支；文章没有花大篇幅研究新旧贸易保护主义之区别，说明这不是文章重点，B项也可排除；全文主要讨论新贸易保护主义的定义，因此A项内容是文章主旨。
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