2. 外语
  3. In Britain, the House of Commons is a representative assembly elected by voters or electors through a general election and by-el

In Britain, the House of Commons is a representative assembly elected by voters or electors through a general election and by-el

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问题     In Britain, the House of Commons is a representative assembly elected by voters or electors through a general election and by-elections.
66.______.
    A by-election is a special election held between regular elections. It is an election of a new Member of Parliament in a single constituency, which takes place when a vacancy occurs in the Commons as a result of the death or resignation of an MP, or when an MP is given a peerage.
67.______.
    Suffrage refers to the right to vote in political elections. In Britain, universal adult suffrage refers to the right of all adults to vote.
    A voter or an elector is a person who votes or who has the right to vote in political elections. The elector ate refers to all the people in a county or in an area who have the right to vote in an election, On polling day, each voter or elector goes to east one vote at a polling station. Every voter writes their choice on a ballot paper. After making a choice, they put the ballot paper into a ballot box. If a person is a British subject, who is over the age of eighteen, he or she may vote. Besides, the voter must live for a fixed period of time in any constituency. But there are a few exceptions to this, the strangest one being the Queen. As the Sovereign is considered to be above politics, the Queen has no right to vote. Members of the House of Lords also have no right to vote. Criminals and lunatics have no right to vote. The person who applies for election to the Parliament is a candidate. The candidate must be aged 21 or over 21.
68.______.
    Traditionally, the two major parties held different views in some issues. But now their differences are getting smaller and smaller. And even they don’t make much difference in their political views. They come to power in rotation.
69.______.
    The party which wins the majority of seats (although not necessarily the majority of votes) in a general election, or which is able to command a majority of supporters in the House of Commons, forms the Government.
70.______.
    The largest minority party with the next largest number of seats becomes the official Opposition, with its own leader who has the title of "Leader of the Her Majesty’s Opposition". And the leader of the Opposition also has a cabinet but since it is not in power it is called the "Shadow Cabinet".

A. The United Kingdom is divided into 659 constituencies. A constituency is a district with its own elected representative in the Parliament. The constituency may also refer to the body of votes living in that district. Each constituency chooses one member to the House of Commons. The member is called Member of Parliament or MP, who will occupy one seat in the Parliament. The Member of Parliament will go to the House of Commons to represent his or her constituency. Every MP must be responsible for their constituency. Every constituency has a returning officer to oversee the voting and make sure that the votes are counted correctly. If the result of the election is very close, the official in charge may order a recount.
B. Major parties are big parties with more members and supporters while minor parties are small parties with fewer members and supporters. The majority party is the party which has won most of the seats in the Parliament, and is usually in power. The minority party is the party which has a few seats in the Parliament, and is usually out of power.
C. A general election takes place after a Parliament has been dissolved and a new one summoned by the Sovereign. Under ordinary circumstance, the political parties launch campaigns and the government officials organize the election for several weeks. The general election is a massive undertaking and all the voters in the country must be notified.
D. In the summer before the election, each of the major political parties holds a convention. The Republicans hold the Republican Party Convention, while the Democrats hold the Democratic Party Convention. Delegates from every state meet together to choose candidates for President and Vice-President. The number of delegates from each state is determined by the population and its support for that party in previous elections. The way of choosing delegates varies from state to state. In some states, delegates are elected by the voters. In others, they are appointed by a state party convention or by state political leaders.
E. The present electoral system is based on the existence of organized political parties, each laying rival policies before the electorate. Now the two main political parties in Britain are the Labour Party and the Conservative Party. Many trades unions support the Labour Party. Trades unions were originally formed in the early 19th century to try to change the long hours of work, disgraceful conditions and low rates of pay in factories. Unions of many different types of workers were formed. They gained in strength through the 20th century and are now a strong force, negotiating pay and working conditions with the employers.
F. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed as Prime Minister by the Sovereign. The Prime Minister is responsible for making the Cabinet. The Cabinet is a group of the most senior and powerful ministers in the government, who meet regularly to discuss and decide policies.

选项
答案A
解析 本题前面两段说明的是英国的两种选举形式：大选和替补选举，而后面两段说明的则是选举权和具体的选举方法，由此可知填入段落应当说明选举的组织机构等方面的内容。选项中只有A是从广义的选举和选区来说明的，其他各项都涉及到了政党，应当属于后文的内容，因此本题选A。
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