首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Saving Nature, But Only Man Environmental Necessities and Environmental Luxuries A)Environmental sensitivity is now as required
Saving Nature, But Only Man Environmental Necessities and Environmental Luxuries A)Environmental sensitivity is now as required
admin
2017-01-20
29
问题
Saving Nature, But Only Man
Environmental Necessities and Environmental Luxuries
A)Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy or aversion to nylon. But now that everyone has claims to love Mother Earth, how are we to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposals, restrictions, projects, regulations and laws advanced in the name of the environment? Clearly not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing. How to choose?
B)There is a simple way. First, distinguish between environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. Luxuries are those things that would be nice to have if costless. Necessities are those things we must have regardless. Then apply a rule. Call it the fundamental principle of sensible environmentalism: Combating ecological change that directly threatens the health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. All else is luxury. For example: preserving the atmosphere, by both protecting the ozone layer and halting the greenhouse effect, is an environmental necessity. In April scientists reported that ozone damage is far worse than previously thought. Ozone reduction not only causes skin cancer and eye cataracts(白内障), it also destroys plankton(浮游生物), the beginning of the food chain on top which we humans sit.
C)The reality of the greenhouse effect is more speculative, though its possible consequences are far deadlier: melting ice caps, flooded coastlines, disturbed climate, dried up plains and, ultimately, empty breadbaskets. The American Midwest feeds the world. Are we prepared to see Iowa acquire Albuquerque’s climate? And Siberia acquire Iowa’s? Ozone reduction and the greenhouse effect are human disasters. They happen to occur in the environment. But they are urgent because they directly threaten man. A sensible environmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will win universal public support, begins by unashamedly declaring that nature is here to serve man. A sensible environmentalism is entirely man-centered: it calls for man to preserve nature, but on the grounds of self-preservation.
A Sensible Environmentalism Does Not Sentimentalize the Earth
D)A sensible environmentalism does not sentimentalize the earth. It does not ask people to sacrifice in the name of other creatures. After all, it is hard enough to ask people to sacrifice in the name of other humans.(Think of the public resistance to foreign aid and welfare.)Ask hardworking voters to sacrifice in the name of snail darter(蜗牛鱼), and, if they are feeling polite, they will give you a shrug.
E)Of course, this man-centeredness runs against the grain of a contemporary environmentalism that worships the earth to the point of excess. One scientific theory—Gaia theory—actually claims that Earth is a living organism. This kind of environmentalism likes to consider itself spiritual. It is nothing more than sentimental. It takes, for example, a highly selective view of the kindliness of nature. My nature worship stops with the May storms that killed more than 125,000 Bengalis and left 10 million homeless.
F)A non-sentimental environmentalism is one founded on Protagoras principle that " Man is the measure of all things". Such a principle helps us to fight our way through the jungle of environmental argument. Take the current debate raging over oil drilling in a corner of the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge. Environmentalists, fighting against a bill working its way through Congress to permit such exploration, argue that we should be conserving energy instead of drilling for it. This is a false either/or proposition. The country does need a substantial energy tax to reduce consumption. But it needs more production, too. Government estimates indicate a nearly fifty-fifty chance that under the ANWR lies one of the five largest oil fields ever discovered in America.
G)We have just come through a war fought in part over oil: Energy dependence costs Americans not just dollars but lives. It is a ridiculous sentimentalism that would deny ourselves oil that is peacefully attainable because it risks disrupting the breeding grounds of Arctic reindeer(驯鹿). I like the reindeer as much as the next man. And I would be rather sorry if their mating patterns are disturbed. But you cannot have everything. And if the choice is between the welfare of reindeer and reducing oil dependence that gets people killed in wars, I choose man over reindeer every time.
H)Similarly the spotted owl. I am no enemy of the owl. If it could be preserved at no or little cost, I would agree: the variety of nature is a good, a high aesthetic(美学的)good. But it is no more than that. And sometimes aesthetic goods have to be sacrificed to the more fundamental ones. If the cost of preserving the spotted owl is the loss of livelihood for 30,000 logging families, I choose family over owl. Man Is the Master of Nature
I)The important distinction is between those environmental goods that are fundamental and those that are merely aesthetic. Nature is our charge. It is not our master. It is to be respected and even cultivated. But it is man’s world. And when man has to choose between his well-being and that of nature, nature will have to accommodate.
J)Man should accommodate only when his fate and that of nature are bound up together. The most urgent accommodation must be made when the very integrity of man’s environment—e. g. : atmospheric ozone— is threatened. When the threat to man is of a lesser order(say, the pollutants form coal- and oil-fired generators that cause death from disease but not fatal damage to the ecosystem), a more moderate accommodation that balances economic against health concerns is in order. But in either case the principle is the same: protect the environment—because it is man’s environment. The sentimental environmentalists will call this saving nature with a totally wrong frame of mind. Exactly. A sensible—a humanistic—environmentalism does it not for nature’s sake but for our own.
Just like a democratic belief, environmental sensitivity nowadays is considered as a required attitude in the upper class.
选项
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/n1i7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Globalwarmingmayornotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but—regardlessofweatheritisorisn’t—wewo
Globalwarmingmayornotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but—regardlessofweatheritisorisn’t—wewo
A、EnvironmentalScienceisappealingtotheman.B、Themanisengagedinprotectingendangeredanimals.C、Animalsandplantsare
A、Quittheirjobsatthesametime.B、Takeanadventuroustripwiththeirsavings.C、Enrichtheirpoorknowledgeinbusiness.D、
MyViewsontheLuxuries1.奢侈品消费日益增长2.产生这种现象的原因3.我的看法
A、Quittheirjobsatthesametime.B、Takeanadventuroustripwiththeirsavings.C、Enrichtheirpoorknowledgeinbusiness.D、
Duringthenineteenthcentury,whenlittlewasknownaboutenvironmental-ismandconservation,itwascommontohearpeopleinE
Duringthenineteenthcentury,whenlittlewasknownaboutenvironmental-ismandconservation,itwascommontohearpeopleinE
Duringthenineteenthcentury,whenlittlewasknownaboutenvironmental-ismandconservation,itwascommontohearpeopleinE
随机试题
A、乙酰胆碱B、肾上腺素C、去甲肾上腺素D、5-羟色胺E、多巴胺心迷走神经节后纤维释放的神经递质是
急性心肌梗死早期最重要的治疗措施是
患者,女性,55岁,因心力衰竭,医嘱呋噻米40mg静脉注射快速利尿,注射中抽吸有回血,推注药液局部隆起、疼痛,其原因是
在描述团队成员的角色与职责的形式中,采用传统组织机构图,以图形方式自上而下地显示各种职位及其相互关系的是()。
工程总承包是指从事工程总承包的企业受业主委托,按照合同约定对工程项目的()等实行全过程或若干阶段的承包。
“爸爸去哪儿”提出的正是这样一种_______:在现代家庭教育中,父母去哪儿了?父母又将_______孩子们去哪儿?一个孩子,要健康平安地成长为具有独立人格与自由精神的现代公民,首先必须跟着父母的脚步前进,父母是孩子的第一任老师。填入划横线部分最恰当的一项
下列关于规范性法律文件的法律效力的说法,错误的有()。
A、惭愧B、兴奋C、气愤D、平静A“心里过意不去”表示愧疚、惭愧。
Readthetextbelowaboutasportsretailer.ChoosethecorrectwordtofilleachgapfromA,BorContheoppositepage.Fore
Mosttaxpayershavehadenoughincometaxcollectedbytheiremployersduringtheyear.Sotheydonot(36)anymoney.Infact,
最新回复
(
0
)