2. 财经
  3. 【招商银行】 It used to be so straightforward．A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of th

【招商银行】 It used to be so straightforward．A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of th

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问题 【招商银行】
It used to be so straightforward．A team of researchers working together in the laboratory  would submit the results of their research to a journal．A journal editor would then remove the authors’names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review．Depending on the comments received，the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it．Copy right rested with the journal publisher，and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal． No longer，The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies，who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government——funded research by restricting ac eess to it is making access to scientific results a reality．
The Organization for Economic Coop eration and Development(OECD)was just issued a report describing the far—reaching conse quences of this．The report，by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD，makes heavy reading for publishers who have，so far，made handsome profits．But it goes further than that．
It signals a change in what has，until now，been a kev ele ment of scientific endeavor． The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends，in part，upon wide distribution and ready access．It is big business．In America，the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between$7 billion and$11 billion．Ttle International Asso ciarion of Scientific，Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2000 Dub lishers worldwide specializing in these subjects．
They publish more than 1．2 million articles each year in some 16000 journa／s． This is now changing．According to theOECD report，some 75％of scholarly journals are now online．Entirely new business models are emerging；three main ones were identified hv the report’s authors．This is the so—called big deal，where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site—licensing agreements．There is oden—access publishing，typically supported by asking the author(or his employer)to pay for the paper to be published．Finally，there are open access archives，where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories．Other roodels exist that are hvbrids of these three，such as delayed open—access，where journals aliow only subseribers to read a paper for the first six months，before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it．All this could change the traditional form of the peer review process，at least for the Dublication of papers．
In the first paragraph，the author discusses________．(     )
选项 A、the background information of journal editing
B、the publication routine of laboratory reports
C、the relations of authors with journal publiShers
D、the traditional process of journal publication
答案D
解析 作者在第一段中讨论的是传统出版的过程。
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