2. 外语
  3. IQ stands for "Intelligence Quotient" which is measure of a person’s intelligence found by means of an intelligence test. In

IQ stands for "Intelligence Quotient" which is measure of a person’s intelligence found by means of an intelligence test. In

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问题     IQ stands for "Intelligence Quotient" which is measure of a person’s intelligence found by means of an intelligence test.
    In 1906 the psychologist, Alfred Binet (1857—1911), devised the standard in relation to which intelligence has since been assessed. Binet was asked to find a method of selecting all children in the schools of Paris who should be taken out of ordinary classes and put in special classes for defectives. The problem brought home to him the need for a standard of intelligence, and he hit upon the very simple concept of "mental age. "
    First of all, he invented a variety of tests and put large numbers of children of different ages through them. He then found at what age each test was passed by the average child. Binet arranged the various tests in order of difficulty, and used them as a scale against which he could measure every individual. If, for example, a boy aged twelve could only do tests that were passed by the average boy of nine, Binet held that he was three years below average, and that he had a mental age of nine.
    The concept of mental age provided Binet, and through him, other psychologists with the required standard. It enabled him to state scores in intelligence tests in terms of norm. At first, it was usual to express the result of a test by the difference between the "mental" and the "chronological" age. Some however, the "mental ratio" was introduced; that is to say, the ratio of the mental age to the chronological age. Thus a boy of twelve with mental age of nine has a mental ratio of 0. 75.
    The mental age was replaced by the intelligence quotient or "IQ". Clearly, since the mental age of the average child is equal to the chronological age, the average IQ is 100.  
Which of the following statements best summarizes the theme of the passage?
选项 A、IQ is the mental age divided by the chronological age and multiplied by a hundred.
B、How IQ came into use as the measurement of a person’s intelligence.
C、How Alfred Binet introduced the standard for classifying children according to their intelligence.
D、The concept of mental age provided Binet the use of various kinds of tests.
答案B
解析 本题为主旨题。我们应从全文内容和文章的结构来理解。文中第一段介绍了“IQ”的含义；第二段介绍了阿弗雷德·比奈创制“IQ”的过程及关键所在；第三、四、五段介绍比奈的“IQ”测试原理及方法。由此我们可以得出，此文的主题就是“IQ”如何被当作一个测量人的智力的方法。故B正确。
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