首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Municipal bans on smoking in restaurants and bars are highly controversial, but history shows they can also be highly effective.
Municipal bans on smoking in restaurants and bars are highly controversial, but history shows they can also be highly effective.
admin
2022-06-18
52
问题
Municipal
bans on smoking in restaurants and bars are highly controversial, but history shows they can also be highly effective. But are all smoking bans equally successful?
The barkeeper and blogger who writes as "Scribbler50" was outraged when, in 2003, New York City enacted one of the first comprehensive smoking bans in bars and restaurants, "How can a guy and some board just kick us in the teeth like this? This smacks of fascism." If people are aware of the consequences of smoking or visiting places with lots of secondhand smoke, should the government really have to tell us what to do? Won’t people just vote with their feet and smoke even more when they’re at home and away from restrictions?
Scribbler50’s post inspired the physician who blogs as "PalMD" last week to look up the research on the effectiveness of smoking bans. He found several studies showing that not only did workers in restaurants and bars show improved health shortly after the bans were put in place, but smokers themselves also reduced the number of cigarettes they smoked.
Overall, however, smoking rates remain persistently high, despite the common workplace smoking bans. Can other government measures help these smokers live healthier lives, or at least prevent people from taking up the habit?
In the U.S., warning messages have been in place on cigarette packages for decades. But the messages are rather clinical, for example: "Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, and May Complicate Pregnancy." What if packages contained more dramatic warnings? In January, psychologist and science writer Christian Jarrett looked at a small study of smokers’ reactions to cigarette warnings. The researchers measured self-esteem in student smokers, then showed them cigarette packages with either death-related warnings ("Smokers die earlier") or esteem-related warnings ("Smoking makes you unattractive"). Students who derived self-esteem from smoking and saw the death-related warnings later viewed smoking more positively than those who saw the esteem-related warnings. For students whose smoking wasn’t motivated by self-esteem, the effect was reversed.
So not all anti-smoking messages are equal: Depending on who the message is directed at, a morbid warning on a cigarette label may actually
backfire
.
Scribbler50 for his part, is now a convert favoring smoking restrictions, at least in his narrow limits as a bartender. His patrons who haven’t quit smoking say they smoke a lot less now that they have to go outside to get a nicotine fix. He doesn’t miss emptying ashtrays, or the holier-than-thou customers who complained every time a fellow patron lit up, or working in a smoke-filled bar all night and going home "smelling like you put out a three-alarm".
Would it be right to enact even more restrictions on smoking in the interest of public health? It’s hard to deny that banning smoking in public, indoor spaces has been a huge success. Why not try out some stronger smoking bans? Parents in some areas are already restricted from smoking in cars with children, but I haven’t seen a study that evaluates the success of those measures. Perhaps a state or municipality could try extending the ban to homes, with provisions for studying the results. It’s also possible that stronger measures would be counter-productive, like the stronger warnings on cigarette labels. Maybe we’ll decide that at some level deciding whether or not to smoke should still be an individual choice. Or maybe in a few generations, it won’t be necessary to regulate smoking: There won’t be any smokers left.
The word "municipal" underlined in Paragraph 1 means _____.
选项
A、governmental
B、organizational
C、cosmopolitan
D、institutional
答案
C
解析
municipal意为“城市的”,故C“大都会的,都市的”与之最为接近。A“政府的”,ban本身就指官方、政府的禁令,不必再指出是“政府的”。B“组织的”和D“机构的”均不符合。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/nHuO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
TheChacoPhenomenonP1:Betweenabout900to1150AD,amysteriousStoneAgeculturearose,flourished,andthenvanishedinth
TheEarlyHistoryofMotionPicturesP1:Thetechnologythatmadepossibletheprojectionandexhibitionofphotographedmoving
AsasourceofApower,electricityBhadnorivalbecauseitisCclean,silent,andDcanbeturnedonandoffinstantly.
1Dementia,ageneraldecreaseinintellectualabilities,involvesimpairmentofmemory,judgment,andsocialfunctioning.Thet
Howdoestheprofessordevelopthetopicoftheviolinfamily?Choosetwoanswers.
Whydoesthestudentspeakwiththeman?
IfAteacherscommunicatetheexpectationBthatcertainstudentswillCbehaveinacertainmanner,thosestudentsactuallyDdidb
Hewasamanofmeanunderstanding,littleinformation,anduncertaintemper.
Itmaysoundcooltopullanall-nighter,butactually,you’rewastingyourtimeasitpreventsyourbrainandbodyfromfunctio
______alanguagefamilyisagroupoflanguageswithacommonoriginandsimilarvocabulary,grammar,andsoundsystem.
随机试题
焊条的型号有哪些?
A.蹄裂B.白线裂C.蹄叶炎D.蹄叉腐烂E.蹄冠蜂窝织炎马,4岁,体温40.1℃,四肢蹄冠先后出现圆枕形肿胀,触诊有热、痛,支跛,根据临床表现诊断所患蹄病是()。[2010年真题]
资金的时间价值是指随着时间的推移,经储藏保存后带来的增值。()
某空调器的温度设置为25℃,当室温超过25℃后,它便开始制冷,此时红色指示灯亮,并在显示屏上显示“正在制冷”字样,那么()。
如果一项建造合同包括多项资产,每项资产应分立为单项合同处理,下列各项中不属于必备条件的是()。
公民、法人或其他组织对下列()不服,不可以提起行政复议。
下列关于企业现金量分析的表述,不正确的是()。
在商业银行成本管理中,固定资产折旧属于()支出。
Peopleliketothinkthatlifewasbetterinthepast.Theairwascleaner,thewaterwasclearer,people【C1】______friendlier,l
中国民族音乐,一般简称“民乐”或“国乐”,是中国特有的音乐品种。中国传统音乐以五声音阶(pentatonicscale)为基础,追求自然、和谐、含蓄(subtlety)的美感,在几千年的发展过程中,留下了极为丰富的民族音乐文化遗产。民乐的乐器种类很多,可
最新回复
(
0
)