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  3. The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth

The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth

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问题 The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was "So much importance attached to intellectual pursuits."【F1】According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.
【F2】To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.
The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.【F3】These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness. We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated.【F4】While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: "come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people." One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churches.
【F5】Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion. "Our main end was to catch fish."
【F1】
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答案根据大量书籍和文献记载，新英格兰的领袖确立了美国知识生活中逐渐发展并占据统治地位的清教传统的基本主题和关注要点。
解析     本文主要介绍了新英格兰地区的早期文明。新英格兰的早期文明和外来移民有着密切的关系，尤其和清教有着莫大的关系——作为欧洲文化的承载者，清教徒为新英格兰带来了礼仪、技艺等。除了受良好教育的牧师、律师外，新英格兰人中还有很多的底层人民，他们则倾向于完全的宗教信仰甚至是迷信。但更多的移民还是带着单纯的目的——捕鱼来到了这个大陆。
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