首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the human species individuals are equipped with fewer instincts than is the case in many nonhuman species. And, as already no
In the human species individuals are equipped with fewer instincts than is the case in many nonhuman species. And, as already no
admin
2013-01-28
35
问题
In the human species individuals are equipped with fewer instincts than is the case in many nonhuman species. And, as already noted, they are born cultureless. Therefore, an infant Homo sapiens must learn a very great deal and acquire a vast number of conditioned reflexes and habit patterns in order to live effectively, not only in society but in a particular kind of sociocultural system, be it Tibetan, Eskimo, or French. This process, taken as a whole, is called socialization (occasionally, enculturation)—the making of a social being out of one that was at birth wholly individualistic and egoistic.
Education in its broadest sense may properly be regarded as the process by which the culture of a sociocultural system is impressed or imposed upon the plastic, receptive infant. It is this process that makes continuity of culture possible. Education, formal and informal, is the specific means of socialization. By informal education is meant the way a child learns to adapt his behaviour to that of others, to be like others, to become a member of a group. By formal education is meant the intentional and more or less systematic effort to affect the behaviour of others by transmitting elements of culture to them, be it knowledge or belief, patterns of behaviour, or ideals and values. These attempts may be overt or covert. The teacher may make his purpose apparent, even emphatic, to the learner. But much education is effected in an unobtrusive way, without teacher or learner being aware that culture is being transmitted. Thus, in myths and tales, certain characters are presented as heroes or villains, certain traits are extolled, others are deplored or denounced. The impressionable child acquires ideals and values, an image of the good or the bad.
The growing child is immersed in the fountain of informal education constantly, the formal education tends to be periodic. Many sociocultural systems distinguish rather sharply a series of stages in the education and development of full-fledged men and women. First there is infancy, during which perhaps the most profound and enduring influences of a person’s life are brought to bear. Weaning ushers in a new stage, that of childhood, during which boys and girls become distinguished from each other. Puberty rites transform children into men and women. These rites vary enormously in emphasis and content. Sometimes they include whipping, isolation, scarification, or circumcision. Very often the ritual is accompanied by explicit instruction in the mythology and lore of the tribe and in ethical codes. Such rituals as confirmation and Bar Mitzvahin modern Western culture belong to the category of puberty rites.
With marriage come instruction and admonition, appropriate to the occasion, from eider relatives and, in more advanced cultures, from priests. In some sociocuhural systems men may become members of associations or sodalities: men’s clubs, warrior societies, secret societies of magic or medicine. In some cases it is said that in passing through initiation rites a person is "born again." Women also may belong to sodalities, and in some instances they may become members of secret, magical societies along with men.
The passage is mainly about______.
选项
A、formal and informal education
B、education and culture
C、human socialization
D、the definition of education
答案
B
解析
这篇短文是议论文,讨论了正规教育和文化(非正规教育)的互动作用关系。故[B]为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/nR1O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Thirty-onemillionAmericansareover60yearsofage,andtwenty-ninemillionofthemarehealthy,busy,productivecitizens.B
Thirty-onemillionAmericansareover60yearsofage,andtwenty-ninemillionofthemarehealthy,busy,productivecitizens.B
Thirty-onemillionAmericansareover60yearsofage,andtwenty-ninemillionofthemarehealthy,busy,productivecitizens.B
Inrecentyears,manyAmericansofbothsexesandvariousageshavebecomeinterestedinimprovingtheirbodies.Theyhavebecom
Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,whereasthebehaviorofananimaldependsmainlyon____.
Sharesonthestockmarkethave____asaresultofaworldwideeconomicdownturn.
Sharesonthestockmarkethave________asaresultofaworldwideeconomicdownturn.
Proponentsofcreatinglargeprivatesectorsasquicklyaspossibleintransitioneconomiesofferbothpoliticalandeconomicar
Ourspeciesevolvedonthemove.Recentresearchontheeffectsofexerciseandtheconsequencesofsedentarylivinghasshownt
Itisunwiseforthegovernmentto______thegrowingdissatisfactionwithitseconomicpolicies.
随机试题
半自动仿形气割可以沿样板的外轮廓切割零件外形或内形,沿样板的()可以切割成直角零件。
荷马史诗广泛反映了()
诺思的主要学术贡献是()
基托应有一定厚度以保持抗弯、抗折,塑料基托一般厚度为()
X工业企业下设供水、供电两个辅助生产车间,采用交互分配法进行辅助生产费用的分配。2017年4月,供电车间交互分配前实际发生的生产费用为10万元,应负担供水车间的水费为2万元;供电总量为50万千瓦时(其中:供水车间耗用10万千瓦时,基本生产车间耗用20万千瓦
苏轼,诗清新豪健,善用夸张比喻,在艺术表现方面________________,与黄庭坚并称“苏黄”;词开豪放一派,对后代很有影响,与辛弃疾并称“苏辛”;书法擅长行书、楷书,能自创新意,用笔_________________,有天真烂漫之趣,与黄庭坚、米芾
“所有公共政策的后续效应可能是难以预料的。”下列哪项判断的涵义与上述判断最为相近?()
下列句子中没有语病的一项是()。
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledEffectsofTVProgramsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbel
Ifyou’refindingittoughtolandajob,tryexpandingyourjob-huntingplantoincludethefollowingstrategies:Setyour
最新回复
(
0
)