2. 外语
  3. In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name,

In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name,

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问题      In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.
    In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.
    Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very_ institution of the family itself. To many peoplc, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but thc family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.
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答案 此外，有一类家庭理由与下列这些说法相类似，即：孩子可以维持或改善婚姻，可以拴住丈夫或妻子，可以修复或给婚姻注入活力，家里多生孩子就会多得福。反面例子同样也可说明多生孩子的重要性：在有些社会里，不能生育(或是不能生儿子)会变成一种对婚姻的威胁，甚至是离婚的现成理由。 凡此种种，最为重要的一条是：孩子对于家庭制度本身具有深远的意义。在许多人看 来，仅有夫妻俩还算不上是一个像样的家庭。他们得有孩子来圆满这个家庭，使这个家庭的特征得到显示，并且承传世袭家风。孩子需要家庭，但是家庭似乎也需要孩子。对于双方来说，他们身处一个不断变化而又往往充满敌意的世界里，家庭是他们可以获取安全、快乐、信任和指导的独有的社会单元——至少在原则上应该如此。
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