首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Most of us have seen a dog staring at, sometimes snarling at, and approaching a reflection of itself. For most animals, seeing t
Most of us have seen a dog staring at, sometimes snarling at, and approaching a reflection of itself. For most animals, seeing t
admin
2011-06-29
27
问题
Most of us have seen a dog staring at, sometimes snarling at, and approaching a reflection of itself. For most animals, seeing their own image in a mirror acts as a social stimulus. But does the dog recognize itself, or does the reflection simply signal a potential companion or threat?
This question is interest for a number of reasons. Apart from curiosity about the level of animals’ understanding, research on self-recognition in animals has several benefits. It provides some insight into the evolutionary significance of this skill of self-recognition and into the level and kinds of cognitive competence that the skill requires. Such research also indicates the kinds of learning experiences that determine the development of self-recognition. In addition, work with animals fosters the use of techniques that are not dependent on verbal responses and that may therefore be suitable for use with preverbal children.
The evidence indicates that dogs and almost all other nonhumans do not recognize themselves. In a series of clever experiments, however, Gallup has shown that the chimpanzee does have this capacity. Gallup exposed chimpanzees in a small cage to a full-length mirror for ten consecutive days. It was observed that over this period of time the number of self-directed responses increased. These behaviors included grooming parts of the body while watching the results, guiding fingers in the mirror, and picking at teeth with the aid of the mirror. Describing one chimp, Gallup said, "Marge used the mirror to play with and inspect the bottom of her feet; she also looked at herself upside down in the mirror while suspended by her feet from the top of the cage; she was also observed to stuff celery leaves up her nose using the mirror for purposes of visually guiding the stems into each nostril."
Then the researchers devised a further test of self-recognition. The chimps were anesthetized and marks were placed over their eyebrows and behind their ears, areas the chimps could not directly observe. The mirror was temporarily removed from the cage, and baseline data regarding their attempts to touch these areas were recorded. The data clearly suggest that chimps do recognize themselves, or are self-aware, for their attempts to touch the marks increased when they viewed themselves. Citing further evidence for this argument, Gallup noted that chimpanzees with no prior mirror experience did not direct behavior to the marks when they were first exposed to the mirror; that is, the other chimpanzees appeared to have remembered what they looked like and do have responded to the marks because they noticed changes in their appearance.
The first sentence of Paragraph 3 may be interpreted to mean that______.
选项
A、nearly all animals have some self-concept
B、nearly all animals have no self-concept
C、nearly all animals have an awareness of the uses of mirrors
D、nearly all animals have a fear of mirrors
答案
B
解析
文章第3段第1句“The evidence indicates that dogs and almost all other nonhumans do not recognize themselves.”表明,狗和几乎全部动物并没有认出自己的能力。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/nS6O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
To…AllstaffSubject:WarningToavoidlossofinformationduringthepredictedovernightpowercut,pleaseremembertoshutdown
Readthecompanyprofilebelowaboutaretailgroup.ChoosethecorrectwordtofilleachgapfromA,BorContheoppositep
PeterRaycalled-he’scancelledThursday’smeetingbecausehisreportisn’tready.Pleasereturnhiscall.LizWhatshouldPet
Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Humanmanagementisnottradit
Perhapsallcriminalsshouldberequiredtocarrycardswhichread:Fragile;HandlewithCare.Itwillneverso,thesedaystog
Therearesome______betweentheirtwodescriptions;wearepuzzledwhichweshouldbelieve.
Theeffectofthebabyboomontheschoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpubliceducationinthe
ItisagreedthatallnationsshouldtakemeasuresagainstterrorismonthebasisoftheUN_____andotherinternationallaws.
ManypeopleinvestinthestockmarkethopingtofindthenextMicrosoftandDell.However,Iknow【21】personalexperiencehowdi
He’swatchingTV?He’s______tobecleaninghisroom.
随机试题
[2008年,第120题]价值工程的价值是()。
背景A公司参与远离所在地炼钢厂的机电安装工程总承包的投标,投标前做了如下工作:1.分析了招标文件工程范围,本工程含机械设备安装、电气及自动化系统安装、钢结构及非标准件制作安装、工业给水排水施工、防腐及保温工程、筑炉工程。并分析本公司施工技术力量
“包装物”的借方登记()。
现金在商业银行资产负债中属于()。
2017年8月,一家新开业的小型微利商业企业,为了拓展市场,从开业之日起至12月31日销售商品一律实行买一赠一活动,开业5个月销售商品共计取得不含税销售收入225万元,赠送商品的不含税市场价格为15万元,全部销售商品和赠送商品的成本为180万元,应扣除的税
在对债务重组进行账务处理时,债权人对债务重组的应收账款是否冲销其已计提的坏账准备,并不影响债务重组年度净损益的数额。 ( )
旅游安全事故主要包括()
已知数据表A中每个元素距其最终位置不远,为节省时间,应采用的算法是______。
Itwaslateintheafternoon,andIwasputtingthefinaltouchonapieceofwritingthatIwasfeelingprettygoodabout.Iwa
ImaginethatanIrishmarketingfirmisdoingresearchinyourcountry.Youhaveagreedtoparticipateinatelephoneinterview
最新回复
(
0
)