2. 外语
  3. In 1977 the prestigious Ewha Women’ s University in Seoul, Korea, announced the opening of the first women’s studies program in

In 1977 the prestigious Ewha Women’ s University in Seoul, Korea, announced the opening of the first women’s studies program in

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问题     In 1977 the prestigious Ewha Women’ s University in Seoul, Korea, announced the opening of the first women’s studies program in Asia. Few aca- demic programs have ever received such public attention. In broadcast debates, critics dismissed the program as a betrayal of national identity, an imitation of Western ideas, and a distraction from the real task of national unification and economic development. Even supporters underestimated the program; they thought it would be merely another of the many Western ideas that had already proved useful in Asian culture, akin to airlines, electricity, and the assembly line. The founders of the program, however, realized that neither view was correct. They had some reservations about the applicability of Western feminist theories to the role of women in Asia and felt that such theories should be closely examined. Their approach has thus far yielded important critiques of Western theory, informed by the special experience of Asian women.
    For instance, like the Western feminist critique of the Freudian model of the human psyche, the Korean cri- tique finds Freudian theory culture-bound, but in ways different from those cited by Western theorists. The Korean theorists claim that Freudian theory assumes the universality of the Western nuclear, male-headed family and focuses on the personality formation of the individual, independent of society. An analysis based on such assumptions could be valid for a highly competitive, individu- alistic society. In the Freudian family drama, family members are assumed to be engaged in a Darwinian struggle against each other—father against son and sibling against sibling. Such a con- cept of projects the competitive model of Western society onto human personalities. But in the Asian concept of personality there is no ideal attached to individualism or to the independent self. The Western model of personality development does not explain major characteristics of the Korean personality, which is social and group-centered. The "self" is a social being defined by and acting in a group, and the well-being of both men and women is determined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion. The ideal is one of interdependency.  In such a context, what is recognized as "dependence" in Western psychiatric terms is not, in Korean terms, an admission of weakness or failure. All this bears directly on the Asian percep- tion of men’s and women’s psychology because men are also "dependent." In Korean culture, men cry and otherwise easily show their emotions, something that might be considered a betrayal of masculinity in Western culture. In the kinship-based society of Korea, four generations may live in the same house, which means that people can be sons and daughters all their lives, whereas in Western culture, the roles of husband and son, wife and daughter, are often incompatible.
Which of the following statements is most consistent with the view of personality development held by the Ewha women’s studies group?
选项 A、Personality development occurs in identifiable stages, beginning with dependency in childhood and ending with independence in adulthood.
B、Any theory of personality development, in order to be valid, must be universal.
C、Personality development is influenced by the characteristics of the society in which a person lives.
D、Personality development is hindered if a person is not permitted to be independent.
E、No theory of personality development can account for the differences between Korean and Western culture.
答案C
解析 下面哪一个观点符合E大学的妇女研究项目负责人对人性发展的看法?A．人性发展分阶段，由儿童依赖开始，到成年期变为独立。无。B．所有人性发展理论都必须有普遍性。无。C．正确。人性发展被一个人所生活的社会的特性所影响。见原文L44—47。弗罗伊德的模式体现了西方竞争模式对人性的影响。D．如果一个人不能自立，就不会有充分的人性发展。照本文说法，这只是西方社会才适用。E．没有一个人性发展理论能解释韩国和西方文化的差异。不符文中事实，E大学妇女研究计划发起人就给出了解释。
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