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  3. 科学研究的方法与人类思维的关系 ——1993年英译汉及详解 【F1】The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of

科学研究的方法与人类思维的关系 ——1993年英译汉及详解 【F1】The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of

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问题 科学研究的方法与人类思维的关系
——1993年英译汉及详解
【F1】The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.【F2】It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples.【F3】You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction(归纳法)and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.【F4】And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.
There is a well-known incident in one of Motiere’ s plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose(散文)during the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period.【F5】Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.
【F4】
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答案许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能获得。
解析 本句考查的重点是：固定句型的译法和代词指代。 这是一个复合句。句子的主干是it is iInagiIled…that…，and that…。it是形式主语，that引导的是真正的主语。事实上，it is imagined by many that…这样的句型还有许多类似的例子，它们都有约定俗成的译法。本句应当翻译成“许多人认为”。再如：it is reported…(据报道…)；it is said that…(据说…)；it is argued that…(有人争论…)。many在这指many people，operations当然指其思维的活动。最后一个分句中的they指的是前面一分句的复数名processes。被动语态可用“进行…”或“经过…”翻译成主动语态。that从句中common mind是指普通人的思维。
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