首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
What is the price of anarchy? Technically, in transportation engineering, the price of anarchy describes the difference betw
What is the price of anarchy? Technically, in transportation engineering, the price of anarchy describes the difference betw
admin
2022-09-20
26
问题
What is the price of anarchy?
Technically, in transportation engineering, the price of anarchy describes the difference between what happens when every driver selfishly picks the fastest route and what the socially optimal traffic outcome would be. In the pre-mobile-app days, drivers’ selfishness was limited by their knowledge of the road network. In those conditions, both simulation and real-world experience showed that most people stuck to the freeways and arterial roads. Sure, there were always people who knew the crazy, back-road route, but the bulk of people just stuck to the routes that transportation planners had designated as the preferred way to get from A to B.
But a new body of research at the University of California’s Institute of Transportation Studies suggests that the reality is far more complicated. In some scenarios, traffic-beating apps might work for an individual, but make congestion worse overall. And autonomous vehicles, touted as an answer to trafficy streets, could deepen the problem.
"This problem has been vastly overlooked," Alexandre Bayen, the director of UC Berkeley’s Institute of Transportation Studies, told me. " It is just the beginning of something that is gonna be much worse. " "The situation then gets much worse because hundreds of people just like you want to go on the side streets, which were never designed to handle the traffic," Bayen says. "So, now, in addition to congesting the freeway, you’ve also congested the side streets and the intersections.
While it’s clear that these apps can put stress on local side streets, we still don’t know what effect they may have on highways, or for traffic systems as a whole. "This is an open problem," said Bayen. "Hence, we need to be very cautious in our conclusions.
They’re building on pioneering work by researchers like Hani Mahmassani into the role of real-time information in shaping traffic conditions. In 1991 , Mahmassani challenged what he took to be "possible misconceptions that information will automatically lead to improvements in traffic conditions. " He was not alone. That same year, other researchers noted that " information can cause drivers to change their departure times in such a way as to exacerbate congestion.
Nonetheless, most of this early work showed that when the percentage of drivers with access to information was low, there was a major benefit for better-informed drivers. So, in the early days of Waze and Google Maps and automated routing at UPS, many individuals did experience substantial benefits from these applications. The roads, as a whole, were probably also flowing better.
Bayen does, in fact, have a suggestion for improving these apps, but the companies might not like it. He thinks the apps should spread out drivers on different routes intentionally, which would require collaboration among the mapping apps. Given the cutthroat nature of competition in Silicon Valley, that’s a tough sell, but it might help bring down the price of anarchy.
What is Mahmassani’s attitude to the improvement of traffic brought by information?
选项
A、Skeptical.
B、Approving.
C、Uncertain.
D、Condemning.
答案
A
解析
态度题。根据题干关键词Mahmassani可定位到文中的第六段。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/nWmZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Doctorshavetreatedthefirstreportedcaseof"Internetaddictiondisorder"broughtonbyexcessiveuseofGoogleGlass.I
Doctorshavetreatedthefirstreportedcaseof"Internetaddictiondisorder"broughtonbyexcessiveuseofGoogleGlass.I
Doctorshavetreatedthefirstreportedcaseof"Internetaddictiondisorder"broughtonbyexcessiveuseofGoogleGlass.I
Themoreparentstalktotheirchildren,thefasterthosechildren’svocabulariesgrowandthebettertheirintelligencedevelop
Thedifferencebetween"writer"and"reporter"or"journalist"isn’tthatthejournalistreports—she【C1】______sources,callspeo
Thearrivalofthemass-producedcar,justoveracenturyago,causeda(n)【C1】______ofbusinesscreation.Firstcamethemakers
InAmericaalone,tippingisnowa$16billion-a-yearindustry.Arecentpollshowedthat40%ofAmericans【C1】______thepractice
TruthinadvertisingisaconceptcentraltotheAmericanfreemarketeconomicsystem.Accordingtothistheory,companiesthat
Formorethanadecade,Dellhasposteddouble-digitgrowthbysellingcomputersdirectlytocustomers,mostofthemcorporatec
GooglealreadyhasawindowintooursoulsthroughourInternetsearchesanditnowhasinsightintoourailingbodiestoo.The
随机试题
简述咯血窒息的临床表现以及急救步骤。
下列各项,最常出现病理性支气管呼吸音的是
症见局部结块6~9cm,光软无头,红肿热痛发病迅速,具有易肿、易脓、易溃、易敛的特点,应诊为
A.肺血少,肺动脉段突出B.由肺动脉狭窄等四种畸形组成C.易合并肺炎和心力衰竭D.易出现心律紊乱E.肺动脉第2音固定分裂
下列不属于个人经营专项贷款的是()。
阅读以下文字。完成问题。丝绸与陶瓷是中国人民奉献给世界的两件宝物,这在一定程度上改变了所有民族的生活方式和价值观念。伊斯兰民族用中国的大青花瓷盘盛饭装菜,菲律宾等民族将中国陶瓷作为神物顶礼膜拜,非洲人将中国瓷器装饰于清真寺、宫殿等建筑上;古罗马人将中国的
“东胡林人”遗址是新石器时代早期的人类文化遗址,在遗址中发现的人骨化石经鉴定属于两个成年男性个体和一个少年女性个体。在少女遗骸的颈部位置有用小螺壳串制的项链,腕部佩戴有牛肋骨制成的骨镯。这说明在新石器时代早期,人类的审美意识已开始萌动。以下哪项如
设D∈R2是有界单连通闭区域,I(D)=(4-x3-y2)dxdy取得最大值的积分区域记为D1。(1)求I(D1)的值;(2)计算,其中aD1为D1的正向边界。
BSP强调向管理人员进行调查,因为管理部门对系统的要求是BSP设计的出发点,下述:Ⅰ.核实已有材料Ⅱ.了解企业发展方向Ⅲ.确定存在问题Ⅳ.寻找解决问题的办法()是进行调查的目的。
•Readthetextbelowaboutmarketinginformation.•Inmostofthelines34—45thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammatica
最新回复
(
0
)