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  3. In his "Odyssey", Homer immortalized the idea of resisting temptation by having the protagonist tied to the mast of his ship, to

In his "Odyssey", Homer immortalized the idea of resisting temptation by having the protagonist tied to the mast of his ship, to

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问题     In his "Odyssey", Homer immortalized the idea of resisting temptation by having the protagonist tied to the mast of his ship, to hear yet not succumb to the beautiful, dangerous songs of the Sirens. Researchers have long been intrigued as to whether this ability to avoid, or defer, gratification is related to outcomes in life. The best-known test is the "marshmallow" experiment, in which children who could refrain from eating the confection for 15 minutes were given a second one. Children who could not wait tended to have lower incomes and poorer health as adults. New research suggests that kids who are unable to delay rewards are also more likely to become criminals later.
    Recently, four researchers used data from a Swedish survey in which more than 13,000 children aged 13 were asked whether they would prefer to receive $140 now or $1,400 in five years’ time.
    About four-fifths of them said they were prepared to wait.
    Unlike previous researchers, the authors were able to track all the children and account for their parental background and cognitive ability. They found that the 13-year-olds who wanted the smaller sum of money at once were 32% more likely to be convicted of a crime during the next 18 years than those children who said they would rather wait for the bigger reward. Individuals who are impatient, they believe, prefer instant benefits and are therefore less likely to be deterred by potential punishments.
    But those who fret that a person’ s criminal path is set already as a teenager should not despair. The four researchers offer a remedy. When the respondents’ education was included in the analysis, they found that higher educational attainment was linked to a preference for delayed gratification.
    Educational attainment and patience are related either because patience helps students to do better or because schooling makes people more likely to postpone rewards. Fortunately, there is evidence in support of the latter theory. Francisco Perez-Arce of the RAND Corporation, a think-tank, interviewed around 2,000 applicants for Mexican universities. The students had similar credentials but some obtained admission through a lottery to a university that did not charge tuition fees, whereas the rest had to apply elsewhere. As a result, a higher proportion of lottery-winners than losers went to college. After a year, Mr. Perez-Arce found, the lottery-winners were more patient than the losers. Since the process was random, he concluded that higher education can make people place more weight on the future.
All of the following make the new research differ from the previous ones EXCEPT
选项 A、the researchers tracked all the subjects.
B、the researchers surveyed a much wider range of children.
C、the researchers explained the children’ s parental background.
D、the researchers considered the parents’ cognitive ability.
答案B
解析 根据题干定位到第三段。原文指出Unlike previous researchers，the authors were able to track all the children and account for their parental background and cognitive ability．(不 同于以往的研究者，此次调查中，研究人员追踪所有的孩子，并对其父母的背景和认知能 力进行评估。)A、C、D项都是对原文的同义转述。B项“研究人员对更多的孩子进行了大范 围的调查”不是原因，故为正确答案。
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