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  3. (71)Developments in two materials--iron and concrete--formed the technological basis for much modern architecture. In 1779 Engli

(71)Developments in two materials--iron and concrete--formed the technological basis for much modern architecture. In 1779 Engli

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问题    (71)Developments in two materials--iron and concrete--formed the technological basis for much modern architecture. In 1779 English architect Thomas Pritchard designed the first structure built entirely of cast iron: Ironbridge, a bridge over the River Severn in England. At around the same time, another Englishman experimented with a compound of lime, clay, sand, and iron slag (矿渣) to produce concrete. Iron had been used since ancient time to tie building elements together, but after the construction of Ironbridge it took on a new role as a primary structural material. (72)Builders throughout Europe and North America began to set up houses with beams of iron instead of wood.
   (73)One of the most spectacular examples of early iron construction was the Crystal Palace in London, England. Spreading over 18 acres, the building consisted entirely of screens of glass set within iron frames. Paxton adapted two major features of the architecture of the Crystal Palace: mass production (in the manufactured glass screens and iron frames) and the use of iron rather than traditional stones or brick. He managed to erect this vast building in less than six months, a project he accomplished by detailed planning. (74)In 1889 French engineer Gustave Eiffel carried forward Paxton’s daring ideas for iron construction in his 300-m tall Eiffel Tower in Paris. (75)Steel for construction also became abundantly available in the 19th century.
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答案整个欧洲和北美的施工人员开始了用铁梁而不是木材来建造房子。
解析 beams of iron: 铁粱。其中beam来源于古英语beam(树，柱→光柱)n.: 粱；桁。
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