首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplast
Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplast
admin
2019-09-30
112
问题
Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplasticity. But until recently, they didn’t know what causes gray matter to become plastic, to begin changing. Breakthrough research by a team at MIT’s Picower Institute for Learning and Memory has documented one type of environmental feedback that triggers plasticity: success. Equally important and somewhat surprising: Its opposite, failure, has no impact.
Earl Miller, the lead researcher on the study, says understanding the link to environmental feedback is crucial to improving how people teach and motivate because it’s a big part of how we learn. But we absorb more from success than from failure, according to the study.
Miller’s researchers gave monkeys a simple learning task: They presented one of two pictures. If it was Picture A, the monkeys were supposed to look to the left; if Picture B, to the right. When the monkeys looked in the correct direction, they were rewarded with a drop of juice. All the while the team recorded brain function.
"Neurons(cells specialized to conduct nerve impulses)in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, where the brain tracks success and failure, sharpened their tuning after success," says Miller. What’s more, those changes lingered for several seconds, making brain activity more efficient the next time the monkey did the task. Thereafter, each success was processed more efficiently. That is, the monkey had learned. "But after failure," Miller points out, "there was little change in brain activity." In other words, the brain didn’t store any information about what went wrong and use it the next time. The monkey just tried, tried again.
Miller says this means that on a neurological level, success is actually a lot more informative than failure. If you get a reward, the brain remembers what it did right. But with failure(unless there is a clear negative consequence, like the shock a child feels when she sticks something in an electrical outlet), the brain isn’t sure what to store, so it doesn’t change at all.
Does this research confirm the management tenet of focusing on your—and your team’s—strengths and successes? Miller cautions against making too tidy a connection between his findings and an environment like the workplace, but he offers this suggestion: "Maybe the lesson is to know that the brain will learn from success, and you don’t need to dwell on that. You need to pay more attention to failures and challenge why you fail."
During the experiment each failure made the monkey
选项
A、repeat the task fruitlessly.
B、realize the right way to do the task.
C、give up trying eventually.
D、become more efficient and closer to success.
答案
A
解析
细节理解题。由第四段最后两句得知猴子的大脑根本不存储失败的信息以备下次参照,只是一次又一次地尝试。这样的尝试,当然包括“无效的重复”,故A项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/nqe4777K
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
Theprofessor’slecturewasso______thatsomeofthestudentsfellasleepduringtheclass.
Pricesarcsky-high,withprofitstomatch.Butlookingfurtherahead,theindustryfaceswrenchingchange,saysanexpertofen
Pricesarcsky-high,withprofitstomatch.Butlookingfurtherahead,theindustryfaceswrenchingchange,saysanexpertofen
Pricesarcsky-high,withprofitstomatch.Butlookingfurtherahead,theindustryfaceswrenchingchange,saysanexpertofen
In2010,afederaljudgeshookAmerica’sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades--b
Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorn
Formostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustber
Formostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustber
Laborisnotjustameaningfulexperience—it’salsoamarketableone.Wheninstantcakemixeswereintroduced,inthe1950s,hou
Neuroscientistshavelongunderstoodthatthebraincanrewireitselfinresponsetoexperience—aphenomenonknownasneuroplast
随机试题
企业财务活动
Hemadeno______(explain)aboutwhyheactedsorudelytohiswifelastnight.
影响免疫浊度测定的因素,不包括A.抗原与抗体的比例B.温度C.盐浓度D.抗体的质量E.增强剂
要评价某市一名5岁男孩是否偏高或偏低,其统计方法是
颗粒剂溶化性检查下列结果哪些属不合格
心位于()。
一家银行的流动性问题可以从流动性的()两方面来探讨。
以下选项体现了贸易技术壁垒(TBT)协议中标准协调原则的是()。
关于心理健康教育,下列说法不正确的有()。
某市电视台推出了一个面向老年观众的养生节目。这个节目在试播时组织了许多老年人观看,获得一致好评。但在正式播出后,收视率非常不理想。以下最能够解释上述矛盾现象的一项是()。
最新回复
(
0
)