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  3. Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is—"the thing with feathers," as Emily Dickinson called

Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is—"the thing with feathers," as Emily Dickinson called

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问题     Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is—"the thing with feathers," as Emily Dickinson called it. But to scientists, it’s also a more dull thing as well: a skill, a tool, a simple choice that is a lot less accidental or lucky. As psychologist Shane Lopez, a senior scientist at the Gallup organization argues in his new book, Making Hope Happen, it’s also much more attainable than it seems.
    In both children and adults, there can be a hard-to-deny link between a robust sense of hope and either work productivity or academic achievement. In studies of this idea, hope is measured by a widely accepted psychological survey and productivity is measured by grades earned, sales made, equipment manufactured etc. When Lopez and his colleagues recently gathered up a large body of this research and subjected it all to a meta-analysis, they came up with what they believe are very solid numbers. "Our finding was that hope accounts for about 14％ of work productivity and 12％ of academic achievement," he said.
    Hoping, Lopez stresses, is a lot different from wishing, though the two are often mixed. The super-bestseller The Secret is based on the vaguely defined and not-exactly peer-reviewed "law of attraction," which in this case means that just having positive thoughts about wealth, love, success and more can draw all of those things to you. "This wonderful future will happen for you if you just sit back and wish hard enough," Lopez says.
    But wishing, he explains is only an element of hope—it is, in a sense, hope without a plan. And that often leads nowhere. Effective hoping, Lopez says, is a very deliberate, three-step process. First there is selecting a goal, whether short-term or long term. Then you have to consider the gap between where you are now and where you will be when you achieve the goal, and lay out a series of sequential, short-term goals that will allow you to close that gap. Finally, there is the execution, establishing a plan for when you will begin to implement those steps and where and how you will execute them.
    It’s far too much to say that effective hoping is the only—or even the biggest—part of what it takes to succeed. If 14％ of business productivity can be attributed to hope, that means 86％ is dependent on raw talent, unpredictable business cycles, the quality of the product you’re selling, and often pure luck. But even if hope is just one ingredient in all of that, it’s a stimulating, energizing one—the gas in the tank, the fuel rod in the reactor, the Mentos in the Pepsi. Hope may be the thing with feathers—but it’s also the thing with power.
It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that ________.
选项 A、scientists believe hope is accidental, thus can not be attained
B、there is a hard-to-deny link between study and work
C、hope actually contributes to success in study and work
D、hope plays a rather vital role in both work and study
答案C
解析 第二段第一句中的a hard-to-deny link就表示希望感和学习成绩或者工作效率之间可能存在难以否认的关联，最后一句话的数据表明希望在工作效率和学习成绩中所占的比例，由此可知希望有助于在学业和工作中取得成功。C项中的contribute to意为“有利于，有助于”，C项符合文中语义，故为正确答案。从第一段第二句可知，科学家们认为希望并没有那么多意外偶然(less accidental)，故可排除A项。从第二段第一句可知，是希望与学业或工作之间存在无法否认的联系，而不是学习与工作之间存在无法否认的联系，因此可排除B项。第二段最后一句提到，14％的工作效率和12％的学习成绩来源于希望，但14％和12％的比例并不能说明希望在工作和学习中发挥至关重要的作用，D项有夸大之嫌，故不对。
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