2. 外语
  3. In Lusaka, Zambia, a young man applying for a job was told to see the manager. He leaned over the receptionist’s desk and asked.

In Lusaka, Zambia, a young man applying for a job was told to see the manager. He leaned over the receptionist’s desk and asked.

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问题    In Lusaka, Zambia, a young man applying for a job was told to see the manager. He leaned over the receptionist’s desk and asked. "What tribe(部落)is he?" When the receptionist told him that the manager was a Mashona, the applicant replied, "Then I’ll never get the job. "
   This phenomenon is called tribalism(部落主义). There are more than 2, 000 tribes in black Africa. Each has its own language, customs, and physical characteristics that make its members almost immediately recognizable to a person from another tribe. To the Westerner, tribalism is one of the most difficult of African customs to understand. It makes many people think of savagery, warfare, or old-fashioned customs.
   However, to most Africans, tribalism simply means very strong loyalty to one’s ethnic group. It is a force that can be both good and bad. By definition tribalism means sharing among members of the extended family. It makes sure that a person is taken care of by his own group tribesman. To give a job to a fellow is not wrong: it is an obligation. Similarly, for a politician or military leader, it is considered good common sense to choose his closest advisers from people of his own tribe. This ensures security, continuity, and authority. Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion—from sergeant to captain, from clerk to manager— within a very short time.
   Tribalism remains perhaps the most powerful force in day-to-day African life. Yet modern African politicians publicly speak out against tribal divisions.  
According to the article, which of the following is NOT an evidence of tribalism?
选项 A、Sergeants maintain security in his own tribe.
B、Politicians choose men from his own tribe as intimate advisers.
C、Military leaders promote fellow tribesmen to higher positions.
D、Managers give jobs to fellow tribesmen.
答案A
解析 细节判断题。答案在第三段，从这句To give a job to a fellow is not wrong；it is an obligation可以看出，D是正确的表达。从it is considered good common sense to choose his closest advisers from people of his own tribe可以得知，B是证据之一。从Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion—from sergeant to captain，from clerk to manager—within a very short time可以得知，C与原文是一样的意思。只有选项A是原文没有提到的，故答案选A。
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