首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
There is a question, however, that must be answered before this synthesis is attempted, namely, which are the social tendencies
There is a question, however, that must be answered before this synthesis is attempted, namely, which are the social tendencies
admin
2013-01-20
19
问题
There is a question, however, that must be answered before this synthesis is attempted, namely, which are the social tendencies that are general human characteristics? It is easy to be misled in this respect. Much of our social behavior is automatic. Some may be instinctive, that is, organically determined, much more is based on conditioned responses, that is, determined by situations so persistently and early impressed upon us that we are no longer aware of the character of the behavior and also ordinarily unaware of the existence or possibility of a different behavior. Thus, a critical examination of what is generally valid for all humanity and what is specifically valid for different cultural types comes to be a matter of great concern to students of society. This is one of the problems that induces us to lay particular stress upon the study of cultures that are historically as little as possible related to our own. Their study enables us to determine those tendencies that are common to all mankind and those belonging to specific human societies only.
Another vista opens if we ask ourselves whether the characteristics of human society are even more widely distributed and found also in the animal world. Relations of individuals or of groups of individuals may be looked at from three points of view; relations to the organic and inorganic outer world, relations among members of the same social group, and what, for lack of a better term, may be designated as subjectively conditioned relations. I mean by this term those attitudes that arise gradually by giving values and meanings to activities, as good or bad, right or wrong, beautiful or ugly, purposive or causally deter mined. Relations with the organic and inorganic outer world are established primarily by the obtaining of sustenance, protection against rigor of the climate, and geographical limitations of varied kinds. The relations of members among the same social group include the relation of sexes, habits of forming social groups and their forms. Obviously, these phases of human life are shared by animals. Their food requirements are biologically determined and adjusted to the geographical environment in which they live. Acquisition and storage of food are found among animals as well as in man. The need of protection against climate and enemies is also operative in animal society, and adjustment to these needs in the form of nests or dens is common. No less are the relations between members of social groups present in animal life, for animal societies of varied structure occur. It appears, therefore, that a considerable field of social phenomena does not by any means belong to man alone but is shared by the animal world, and the questions must be asked: what traits are common to human and animal societies?
From the definitions of the three points of view, according to the passage, we can infer that ______.
选项
A、conditioned relations are acquired
B、relations to the organic and inorganic outer world are instinctive
C、relations among members of the same social group are learned
D、all of the above
答案
D
解析
由文中“subjectively conditioned relations”是指“attitudes that arises gradually by giving values and meanings to activities, as good or bad...”可以看出其是后天获得的,所以A正确;B与外界的有机或无机的联系是本能的,是正确的;C文中未明确提及,但由于前两个都正确,所以只能选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/o02O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Americanwomenexperienceagreat【1】oflifestyles.A"typical"Americanwomanmaybesingle.Shemayalsobedivorcedormarried
Thequestionofsalaryincreasewill______atthenextgeneralmeeting.
TestshaveconfirmedthatfourpeopleinWisconsincontractedthemonkeypoxvirusaftercomingintoclosecontactwithpetprair
Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousnaturalweaponsinthestruggleforsurvivalintheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfult
Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousnaturalweaponsinthestruggleforsurvivalintheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfult
Therearethreeseparatesourcesofhazard【1】totheuseofnuclearreactiontosupplyuswithenergy.Firstly,theradioactivem
AnIndiananthropologist.ChandraThapar,madeastudyofforeigncultures,whichhadcustomssimilarto【1】ofhisnativeland.O
AnIndiananthropologist.ChandraThapar,madeastudyofforeigncultures,whichhadcustomssimilarto【1】ofhisnativeland.O
AnIndiananthropologist.ChandraThapar,madeastudyofforeigncultures,whichhadcustomssimilarto【1】ofhisnativeland.O
Evenplantscanrunafever,especiallywhenthey’reunderattackbyinsectsordisease.Butunlikehumans,plantscanhavethei
随机试题
下列关于排水盲沟施工的说法,错误的是()。
在工程测量的基本程序中,设置纵横中心线的紧后工序为()。
flower
A.38~174U/LB.90~200U/LC.0.02~0.13U/LD.<0.2UG/LE.50~85UG/L肌酸激酶的参考值()
排便反射的感受器分布于
下列税金中,需要通过“主营业务税金及附加”科目核算的有()。
增长极理论的基本思想是经济增长并非同时出现在所有地方和部门,而是首先集中在某些具有创新能力的行业和主导产业部门,而这些行业通常聚集在某些地区或者大城市中心等。根据这一理论可以得出的结论是()。
司法活动最高的价值追求是()
TheAmericanTwo-partySystemI.IntroductionA.theoldestpolitical【T1】______aroundtheworld【T1】______B.theclassicalexam
Googlehasanambitiousvisionforspectacles.OnJune27thSergeyBrin,oneofthecompany’sco-founders,revealedthenextsta
最新回复
(
0
)