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  3. It would do a great deal of good if we started using the term "advisers" instead of "teachers" for those who try to help people

It would do a great deal of good if we started using the term "advisers" instead of "teachers" for those who try to help people

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问题     It would do a great deal of good if we started using the term "advisers" instead of "teachers" for those who try to help people to learn foreign languages. It would emphasize that what learners need is individual attention. It would also remind everyone that the responsibility for learning is basically the student’s. What the students needs is somebody who can do two things: (1) show her or him how to learn a foreign language; (2) answer questions about the language. Those questions must be thought of by the students. (46)If students do not find questions to ask—whole streams of questions—it is a sign that either they are not really interested enough to do the thinking for themselves that is crucial, or they do not know how to.
    The spirit that language learns need before anything else is curiosity. If they do not have that, they are wasting their time. (47)This means, in turn, that their guides do not need training in linguistic or educational theory, or in pedagogy, or in any techniques of stimulating interest, keeping students entertained. If students need to have their interest stimulated, something is very wrong. (48)One of the main reason for the emphasis on the skills of Leaching is doubtless that teachers are faced with the ridiculous task of finding things to do with groups of students who it is pretended all need exactly the same instruction.
    What a language guide does need, though, is a thorough and practical knowledge of hoe the language works, a conscious knowledge that she or he can articulate in a way the ordinary native speaker cannot. (49)Students should be able to sense that their guides have a genuine interest in the language, and that they have found out about it by thinking for themselves, not by mere uncritical memorizing of text books or lectures.It is only through such critical awareness and interest the guides can develop the ability to explain any given aspect of the language in varied ways so as to suit the particular needs and modes of thought of any individual student.
    One of the most misguided principles of modern pedagogy is the "Structures lessons". This is just what should be avoided, even in classes as well as private lessons. A good language guide is completely flexible, and can respond instantaneously at any moment to any need of the students that arises. Those with this capacity never need—never should—spend long hours planning and preparing lessons; but the corollary is that guides need to really "know their stuff". (50)The best place to develop the sort of the ability I have just outlined is "on the job", through an apprenticeship with experienced, sympathetic and encouraging colleagues, in good conditions of work.
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答案如果学生提不出问题—指一连串问题，就表明他们要么对至关重要的认真独立思考不感兴趣，要么根本就不知从何做起。
解析 本句是由if引导的条件状语从句，句子的主干是it is a sign，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句；主语从句有个很关键的句式是"either...or"要么…要么。本句没有太多的生词和难理解的表达，关键就是如何把译文组织得符合汉语的表达习惯，做到"忠实、通畅"，这里主要采用了"减译法"，"词类转换法"和"词序调整法"。在译"find questions to ask"时，不定式补足语"to ask"不译，使译文不显累赘；"a sign"原为名词，在翻译时，转换了词性。译成"表明"，使行文流畅；同时，把置于句末的定语从句"that is crucial"移到所修饰词之前来译，并把"do the thinking for themselves"这一动宾词组译为偏正词组；独立思考"更符合汉语的表达习惯。
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