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  3. Talk about fanciful thinking. One might as well ask if there will be a war that will end all wars, or a pill that will make us a

Talk about fanciful thinking. One might as well ask if there will be a war that will end all wars, or a pill that will make us a

admin2017-03-15  53
问题     Talk about fanciful thinking. One might as well ask if there will be a war that will end all wars, or a pill that will make us all good-looking. It is also a perfectly understandable question, given that half a million Americans will die this year of a disorder that is often discussed in terms that make it seem less like a disease than an unconquerable enemy.
    What tuberculosis was to the 19th century, cancer is to the 20th: an malevolent force that frightens people beyond all reason far more than, say, diabetes or high blood pressure. The welcome boom in cancer drugs owes its beginning to one of the 20th century’s greatest scientific insights: that cancer is caused not by depression or deteriorating environment or sexual repression, but by faulty genes. Every tumor begins with just one errant cell that has been unlucky enough to suffer at least two, but sometimes several, genetic mutations. Those mutations cause the cell to replicate wildly, allowing it to escape the control that genes normally maintain over the growth of new tissue. This realization has transformed cancer, in little more than a decade, from an utterly mysterious disease into a disorder whose molecular machinery is largely understood. This new view has sparked innovations that will manage the process and keep it from killing large numbers of people.
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答案 说到幻想，也许有人会问，是否会有一场战争可以结束所有的战争，是否有一种药物可以赐予所有人美貌。这个问题完全合乎情理，每年有50万美国人死于一种疾病，人们谈之色变，它不像是疾病，更像是夙敌。 20世纪的癌症就像19世纪的肺结核，如同一颗隐伏在体内的炸弹，给人们造成的恐惧远远大于糖尿病和高血压。癌症药物的大量出现始于20世纪的一项科学突破——癌症的病因不是心情抑郁、环境恶化、性欲受到压抑等因素，而是基因出错。每个肿瘤的起因都是细胞出错，不幸产生了基因突变，至少是两处，有时是几处。基因突变使细胞大量复制，使基因失去掌控能力，而正常情况下，基因会控制新组织的生长。十年不到，这种观点就彻底改变了癌症，癌症不再是无法攻克的疾病，只是一种机体的紊乱，而这种紊乱产生的分子机制已经破解。这种新观点促进了各种新方法的产生，使基因突变得可以控制，使许多癌症患者绝处逢生。
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