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The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Beginning of Summer, the 7th solar term, comes on May

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问题    The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Beginning of Summer, the 7th solar term, comes on May 5th or May 6th every year, symbolizing the beginning of the summer season. Usually people consider it as the important time when temperature begins to rise obviously, the hot days are going to come, thunderstorms become more frequent and crops grow in peak season. In ancient times, emperors would hold a special rite to greet the arrival of summer and express their good wishes for a bumper harvest. After the day, the weather becomes hotter, and people easily become irritable. Therefore, in folk, people relieve the summer heat with cold drinks, and those along the Yangtze River have the custom of boiling and eating broad beans.
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答案 中国传统的农历将一年分为24个节气。立夏(Beginning of Summer)是一年中的第7个节气，于每年5月5日或5月6日到来，象征着夏天的开始。人们习惯上都把立夏当作是温度明显升高，炎暑将临，雷雨增多，农作物进入旺季生长的一个重要节气。在古代，君王会举行一个特殊的仪式来迎接夏天的到来，以此表达人们对大丰收的美好祝愿。立夏后，天气逐渐变热，易让人烦躁。因此，在民间，立夏日人们通过喝冷饮来消暑，长江沿岸的人们还有烹食蚕豆的习俗。
解析 1．第一句中，“将……分为……”译为“divide…into…”；翻译时可以像参考译文一样以“中国传统的农历”作主语，还可将“年”作主语，翻译为被动语态。
2．第二句中，参考译文将“一年中的第7个节气”译为“立夏”的同位语，将“到来”译为谓语；另一种翻译方法是将“立夏是一年中的第7个节气”译为主句，“于每年5月5日或5月6日到来”译为定语从句，“象征着夏天的开始”译为非谓语成分或与之并列的简单句。因此，本句还可译为“Beginning of Summer is the 7th solar term which comes on May 5th or May 6th every year and symbolizes the beginning of the summer season．”。
3．第三句翻译时可使用定语从句，将“重要节气”作为先行词，“温度明显升高……农作物进入旺季生长”译为修饰成分，由when来引导该定语从句；“把……当作是……”可译为“regard／consider／think…as…”；“旺季”可译为peak season。
4．第四句中，“举行……仪式”动词可使用hold、perform等；“大丰收”可译为a big／good／bumper harvest。
5．第五句中，“天气逐渐变热”和“易让人烦躁”可译为两个并列的简单句；“烦躁的”有多种翻译方法，如irritable、restless、fidgety等。
6．最后一句中，“立夏日人们通过喝冷饮来消暑”除了参考译文的译法外，还可译为people drink cold drinks to relieve the summer heat。
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