When the system upon which a transport entity is running fails and subsequently restarts, the(66)information of all active conne

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问题 When the system upon which a transport entity is running fails and subsequently restarts, the(66)information of all active connections is lost. The affected connections become half-open, as the side that did not fail does not yet realize the problem.The still active side of a half-open connection can close the connection using a(67)timer. This timer measures the time the transport machine will continue to await an(68)of a transmitted segment after the segment has been retransmitted the maximum number of times. When the timer(69), the transport entity assumes that either the other transport entity or the intervening network has failed. As a result, the timer closes the connection, and signals an abnormal close to the TS user.In the event that a transport entity fails and quickly restarts, half-open connections can be terminated more quickly by the use of the RST segment. The failed side returns an RST i to every segment i that it receives. When the RST i reaches the other side, it must be checked for validity based on the(70)number i, as the RST could be in response to an old segment. If the reset is valid, the transport entity performs an abnormal termination.

选项 A、data
B、state
C、signal
D、control

答案B

解析 当传输实体所在的系统失效并且重新启动后,所有活动连接的状态信息都会丢失。受其影响的连接形成了半开通状态,但是没有失效的一方,还没有认识到这个问题。半连接中仍旧活动的一方可以使用放弃定时器关闭连接。这种定时器测量一个段重发最大次数后等待应答的时间。当定时器超时后,传输实体假定对方传输实体或中间的网络已经失效。结果是,定时器关闭连接,并向传输用户发出非正常关闭的通知。在一个传输实体失效并且很快重启动的情况下,使用RST 段可以更快地终止半连接。失效一方对它接收到的每一个段i,返回一个RST i。当RST i 到达另一边时,应该验证它的序列号i,因为RST 有可能是对老数据段的响应。如果重启是有效的,传输实体将完成非正常终止过程。
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