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  3. The most critical time in the life of a human is the very beginning—the first hours after birth. Yet it has been only within the

The most critical time in the life of a human is the very beginning—the first hours after birth. Yet it has been only within the

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问题     The most critical time in the life of a human is the very beginning—the first hours after birth. Yet it has been only within the past few years that doctors have recognized that treating a newborn baby like a small child is not the best procedure. This is especially true of "high risk babies", a term applied to babies that are premature, underweight, or born with major organic defects. They need immediate, imaginative, intensive care and observation, not only for survival but also to help circumvent physical problems which may affect the infant for life. Out of this requirement has developed a new branch of medicine called neonatology, which is concerned with the first three months of life.
    Dozens of major hospitals throughout the United States have opened newborn intensive care units, directed by neonatologists and employing equipment and techniques devised specially for tiny patients. One of the greatest aids in these units is an "isolette"—an electronically equipped glass-enclosed incubator with portholes for sterile access to the baby. Inside the isolette, sensors placed on the infant make him look much like a miniature astronaut. The sensors automatically regulate and record the temperature, humidity, and oxygen in this "artificial womb", as well as signal change or trouble affecting its occupant.
    In hospitals with newborn intensive care unit, specialists are ready to use their skills as the need arises. They are alerted to pregnancies that may develop complications. For example, if a woman who is pregnant enters the hospital and is under the age of 18 or over the age of 40, is undernourished or obese, has diabetes, heart or kidney trouble, the neonatologists are advised. The neonatologist often attends the delivery of a baby with the obstetrician, and then rushes the newborn infant into his special care unit. There, within a few minutes, the baby is tested, examined thoroughly, and made ready for treatment or surgery if needed.
    The most common cause of infant deaths is pre-maturity. In some hospitals it is not unusual to find 8 or 9 "preemies" (premature infants) in the special care units at one time.
    In addition to the technical advances, the health of the infant depends on an ageless ingredient-love. Nurses are essential members of baby-caring teams. Their job is to rock, to feed, and to fondle the very small patients. Even at this early age, doctors find that lack of love has adverse physical and psychological effects on the newborn babies.
    As the number of neonatologists and special care centers has increased, the survival rate for high-risk babies in the United States has risen from about 75 % a few years ago to an impressively high 90% today. Doctors think that the 90% could be increased if the babies could be brought more quickly under the care of a neonatologist. In some hospitals, teams of doctors and nurses can respond to emergencies with portable isolettes which are carried by airplane, helicopter, or ambulance.
选项 A、newborn babies should be treated as small children
B、newborn babies should be brought quickly under the care of his parents
C、high-risk babies need immediate surgery
D、high-risk babies should brought quickly under the care of a neonatologist
答案D
解析 推断题。题意为："医生们最近发现______"。采用排除法。选项"新生婴儿应当像小孩一样对待"。请参考文章第一段第二句：然而最近几年医生发现象对待儿童一样地对待婴儿不是最好的做法。选项"新生婴儿应当迅速地由它的父母照顾"和文章中谈到的新生婴儿学不相干，因此不正确。选项"高危婴儿需要立即做手术"，并不是所有的高危婴儿都要做手术。因此，选项"高危婴儿应当迅速由新生婴儿专家照顾"为正确答案。事实上，根据文章第三段倒数第二句：新生婴儿专家通常和助产士一起接生，然后迅速到把新生儿置于专家的特殊的育婴箱中，可知答案选项正确。
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