Movies are probably the most popular form of entertainment today. Today’s full-length movies began with short motion pictures de

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问题     Movies are probably the most popular form of entertainment today. Today’s full-length movies began with short motion pictures developed in France in the late 1800s by the Lumifcre brothers. However, the world’s first full-length film, The Story of the Kelly Gang, came from Australia. This silent film, which showed the life of the notorious criminal Ned Kelly, opened at the Melbourne Town Hall on December 26, 1906. It was over an hour long.
    The film industry has come a long way from its humble beginning, and today millions of dollars are spent producing and advertising movies. Some of the most expensive movies ever produced include Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, Titanic, and the Lord of the Rings trilogy. In comparison, the most expensive Bollywood film ever made, Devdas, cost only $10 million to make.
    However, when you compare the cost of an older movie with the value of money at the time it was made, Cleopatra remains the most expensive movie ever made. Elizabeth Taylor played Cleopatra in this film made in 1963. One of the reasons why this movie cost so much money was because Ms. Taylor had 65 different and very expensive costumes in the movie. This movie, if made today, would cost a minimum of $275 million to shoot.
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    Some people, however, think that one film beats this record. For All Mankind, a documentary about NASA’s nine Apollo space missions, was produced from a film taken by NASA aboard its spaceships over several years. If the cost of the spaceships is taken into account, the film cost billions of dollars to make!
    The average budget of most Hollywood movies produced in the 1990s was over $50 million, and movie budgets are still continuing to climb. Often, the movie itself cannot make enough money from ticket sales alone to cover the cost of production, and the studio relies on merchandising and selling products related to the movie to help make up for poor box office. For example, the film Star Wars, which was a huge success in terms of box office sales, has gone on to make more than $2.5 billion after its release from toys and other merchandising connected to the Star Wars series.
    The problem that Hollywood studios are finding is that as film budgets increase, audiences expect more and more spectacular special effects, all of which cost increasing amounts of money. " You have to drive the audience into the theatre, and they won’t be driven into the theatre unless you can show them something they haven’t seen before," says Joe Silver, the producer of the three Matrix films. " You have to wow them." With audiences taking expensive special effects for granted, it seems that for the time being, big budget films are here to stay.
    Today’s modem movie industry had its【R1】________with the silent Australian movie The Story of the Ketty Gang. Since that time, both the popularity and【R2】________ of movies have grown in incredible amounts. By far,【R2】________in the United States spend the most, with the average movie in the 1990s costing over $50 million. Today the cost is even higher because people expect more and more【R4】________. Many films today have to rely on【R5】________to meet the cost of producing the film.
【R5】

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答案merchandising

解析 文章第五段第二句后半部分提到“……电影公司只能依靠推销和销售与电影相关的产品来弥补票房的不足……”。紧接着拿《星球大战》举例,说“它在上映后通过与《星球大战》系列相关的玩具和其他商品赚取的收入超过25亿美元”。也就是说,许多电影要依靠推销周边产品来弥补电影制作成本。因此,应填入merchandising。
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