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  3. Lonely people, it seems, are at greater risk than the gregarious(爱交际的)of developing illnesses associated with chronic inflammati

Lonely people, it seems, are at greater risk than the gregarious(爱交际的)of developing illnesses associated with chronic inflammati

admin2014-09-30  47
问题     Lonely people, it seems, are at greater risk than the gregarious(爱交际的)of developing illnesses associated with chronic inflammation(炎症), such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper published last year in the Public Library of Science, Medicine shows the effect on mortality of loneliness is comparable with that of smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies and controlled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness.
    Steven Cole of the University of California, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so. He told the American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS)meeting in Washington, D. C. , about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr. Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregarious people. He then analyzed the activity of their genes, as measured by the production of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries instructions from the genes telling a cell which proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the same in both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that were less active in the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active. Moreover, both the less active and the more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups.
    Broadly speaking, the genes less active in the lonely were those involved in staving off(避开)viral infections. Those that were more active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspects this could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, in evolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come about. For inflammation is an antibacterial response.
    The crucial bit of the puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individual and they are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk in the environment, and may thrive on many hosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely of catching viruses, and Dr. Cole thus suggests that past evolution has created a mechanism(the details of which remain unclear)which causes white cells to respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping up their protection against bacterial infection, which is a bigger relative risk to them.
    What Dr. Cole seems to have revealed, then, is a mechanism by which the environment(in this case the social environment)reaches inside a person’s body and tweaks its genome so that it responds appropriately. It is not that the lonely and the gregarious are genetically different from each other. Rather, their genes are regulated differently, according to how sociable an individual is. Dr. Cole thinks this regulation is part of a wider mechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in. Where it goes wrong is when loneliness becomes chronic, and the inflammatory response becomes chronic at the same time.
What risk may lonely people have according to the first paragraph?
选项 A、They have the same risk as the gregarious of developing illness.
B、They may have symbols of being senile prematurely.
C、They may fall victim to chronic illnesses.
D、They may undergo more severe illnesses.
答案C
解析 细节辨认题。定位段主要介绍了《科学公共图书馆·医学》上一篇论文的观点，与爱交际的人相比，孤独的人似乎患与慢性炎症相关的疾病的风险更大，孤独对死亡率的影响能与抽烟和酗酒相提并论。由此可见，孤独的人面临的风险是C)“他们可能成为慢性疾病的受害者”。A)“他们和爱交际的人患病的风险一样大”，与文章首句内容不符，故排除；B)“他们可能会有早衰的迹象”和D)“他们可能会遭受更严重的疾病”，虽然定位段最后出现了age和illness，但是指论文中所说的研究控制了年龄和已患疾病等因素，故排除D)。
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