首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Government has traditionally been evaluated in terms of their effects in promoting several principles. We have seen that one of
Government has traditionally been evaluated in terms of their effects in promoting several principles. We have seen that one of
admin
2013-01-20
60
问题
Government has traditionally been evaluated in terms of their effects in promoting several principles. We have seen that one of these——justice——is appropriate to the narrower definition of government as the power to punish. It is punishment, which is administered with justice, and a government, which is successful in balancing aversive consequences, is said to "maximize justice." Our practical support of such a government is probably not due to any such principle, however, but rather to the fact that a just government, in comparison with other governments, is more likely to reinforce the behavior of supporting it.
Another principle commonly appealed to a freedom. That government is said to be best which governs least. The freedom, which is, maximized by a good government is not, however, the freedom, which is at issue in a science of behavior. Under a government, which controls through positive reinforcement the citizen feels free, though he is no less controlled. Freedom from government is freedom from aversive consequences. We choose a form of government, which maximizes freedom for a very simple reason: aversive events are aversive. A government, which makes the least use of its power to punish, is most likely to reinforce our behavior in supporting it.
Another principle currently in fashion is security. Security against aversive governmental control raises the same issue as freedom. So does security from wants, which means security from aversive events which are not specifically arranged by the governing agency-from hunger, cold, or hardship in general, particularly in illness or old age. A government increases security by arranging an environment in which many common aversive consequences do not occur, in which positive consequences are easily achieved, and in which extreme states of deprivation are avoided. Such a government naturally reinforces the behavior of supporting it.
The "fight" of a ruler was an ancient device for explaining his power to role. "Human rights" such as justice, freedom and security are devices for explaining the counter-control exercised by the governed. A man has his rights in the sense that the governing agency is restricted in its power to control him. He asserts these rights along with other citizens when he resists control. "Human fights" are ways of representing certain effects of governing practices——effects which are in general positively reinforcing and which we therefore call good. To "justify" a government in such terms is simply an indirect way of pointing to the effect of the government in reinforcing the behavior of the supporting group.
It is commonly believed that justice, freedom, security, and so on refer to certain more remote consequences in terms of which a form of government may be evaluated. We shall return to this point in section Ⅵ, where we shall see that an additional principle is needed to explain why these principles are chosen as a basis for evaluation.
It is generally admitted that a government roles in order to see ______.
选项
A、the results of its proposed doctrine
B、how powerful it is when it exercises its power
C、how it is to enhance the demeanor of sanction
D、both A and C
答案
A
解析
本文第一句就说人们对政府传统上是通过他推行几个原则的结果来评价的,后面详细讲了三个原则,所以一般认为政府的统治是为了看到他所推崇的原则得到实现。所以A符合题意。C政府怎样去增强它的惩罚行为,这太片面了,sanction是惩罚的意思,所以C不对。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/oZ2O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Theideawasjustbeginningto______inAmericaandweknewthatitwasgoingtobecomethewaythatretailingcompanieswererun
Theybelievedthatthemerchantshadconspiredtounderminethenation’seconomicindependence.
Whenhewassofaroutthathecouldlookbacknotonlyonthelittlebaybutpastthestretchofrockthatwasbetweenitandt
Althoughthepolicearegivenconsiderableauthoritybysocietytoenforceitslaws,theygetarelativelylowsalaryascompare
Humanbeingshaveneverbeforehadsuchabadpress.Byallreports,weareunabletogetanythingrightthesedays,andtheres
Thestudentsvisitedthemuseumandspentseveralhourswiththe____,whowasveryhelpful.
Interracialmarriagesandrelationshipshavebecomeincreasinglyacceptedandencouragedbysociety.Sincethe1967legalization
Thepolicehaveofferedalarge________forinformationleadingtotherobber’sarrest
Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffin
HeswallowshiswordssomuchthatIcannever_____whatheissaying.
随机试题
下列疾病常累及的牙齿为釉质发育障碍在1岁以内而累及的牙齿为
A、灵芝B、松萝C、乳香D、苏合香E、茯苓药用香树酯的药材为
“申报日期”栏应填()。
2015年12月15日,甲公司与A公司签订一项设备安装合同。合同规定该设备安装总价款为200万元,于安装任务完成并验收合格后一次结清,12月31日,该设备安装任务完成并经A公司验收合格。甲公司实际发生的安装费用为60万元(均为安装人员工资)。12月31日,
(2011年真题)甲公司系ABC会计师事务所的常年审计客户,主要从事电子产品的生产和销售。ABC会计师事务所委派x注册会计师担任甲公司20l0年度财务报表审计项目合伙人。在审计存货时,X注册会计师编制了相关工作底稿,部分内容摘录如下:资料一:资料二:
Ourresearchhasfocusedonadrugwhichisso________astobeabletochangebrainchemistry.
今年以来,某导游被游客投诉的次数比其他导游多出一倍。针对旅游公司认为自己服务不到位的质疑,该导游反驳说,每次针对投诉的调查都说明,这些针对他的投诉只是游客太过挑剔。要使该导游的反驳成立,以下哪项是必须的假设?①如果游客不是太过挑剔,他们
ThemembersofDukeUniversity’scomputerprogrammingteamhadsolvedonlyoneproblemintheworldfinalsoftheInternational
已知a为8位二进制数,要想通过ab运算使a的低5位变反(即0变1,1变0),高3位不变,b的值应为【】。
A、浙江潮又称海涛潮B、亚马逊河涌潮最大C、恒河涌潮最壮观D、钱江潮最大D文中最后一句提到“浙江潮则被誉为‘世界第一大涌潮’”,而“浙江潮”就是“钱江潮”,所以选D。
最新回复
(
0
)