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  3. 【61】 Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring,

【61】 Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring,

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问题      【61】 Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics--the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.
     【62】 As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. 【63】 And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy--far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
     But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves--goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, we can’t yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.
     Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. 【64】 De spite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, re searchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
     What they found, in attempting to-model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented--and human perception far more complicated than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of millimeter in a controlled factory environment. 【65】 But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t quite know how we do it.
【62】
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答案因此，当今社会出现了越来越多的精巧小玩意，尽管我们很少注意到它们，但是它们的普遍存在的确节约了大量劳动力。
解析 这是一个复合句，句子的主干是：…the modern world is…gizmos…。在gizmos后面析]有whose引导的两个定语从句。populate原意是“居住，移民”，此处引申为“出现”。主句是一个被动结构，而且使用了比喻——“世界被越来越多的智能小发明居住”，当然要进行意译“出现了越来越多的精巧小玩意”。另外 whose引导的两个定语从句要翻译成两个独立的句子。
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