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  3. When Hurricane Katrina ravaged the U. S. Gulf Coast in 2005, Facebook was the new kid on the block. There was no Twitter for new

When Hurricane Katrina ravaged the U. S. Gulf Coast in 2005, Facebook was the new kid on the block. There was no Twitter for new

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问题     When Hurricane Katrina ravaged the U. S. Gulf Coast in 2005, Facebook was the new kid on the block. There was no Twitter for news updates, and the iPhone was not yet on the scene. By the time Hurricane Sandy slammed the eastern seaboard in 2012, social media had become an integral part of disaster response, filling the void in areas where cell phone service was lost while millions of Americans looked to resources including Twitter and Facebook to keep informed, locate loved ones, notify authorities and express support.
    Researchers have now started publishing data on the use of social media in disasters, and lawmakers and security experts have begun to assess how emergency management can best adapt. The new playbook will not do away with the emergency broadcast system and other government efforts. Rather, it will incorporate new data from researchers, federal agencies and nonprofits that have begun to reveal the exact penetration of social media in disasters.
    The Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA)wrote in its 2013 National Preparedness report that during and immediately following Hurricane Sandy, "users sent more than 20 million Sandy-related Twitter posts, or ’tweets,’ despite the loss of cell phone service during the peak of the storm. " Following the Boston Marathon bombings, one quarter of Americans reportedly looked to Facebook, Twitter and other social networking sites for information. When the Boston Police Department posted its final "CAPTURED!!!" tweet of the manhunt, more than 140,000 people retweeted it.
    Each disaster sparks its own complex web of fast-paced information exchange. That’s a good thing, says Mark Keim, associate director for science in the Office of Environmental Health Emergencies at the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), it can both improve disaster response and allow affected populations to take control of their situation as well as feel empowered.
    Drawing up an effective social media strategy and tweaking it to fit an emergency, however, is a crucial part of preparedness planning, says disaster sociologist Jeannette Sutton, a senior research scientist at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs who studies social media in crises and disaster. For the Boston Marathon incident, she found no consistent hash tag on Twitter, which can make tracking relevant information difficult. Even searching for the word "Boston" may fall short, she says, because it could lead to unrelated matter like Boston tourism or fail to capture relevant tweets that did not include the word Boston. As part of disaster preparedness, she says, it would be useful to teach the public how to use social media effectively, how to get information from the Web and also how to put out useful information.
    All the fast-paced information available via social media does pose inherent risks when navigating emergency situations. One is the rapid spread of misinformation—as was the case after the Boston bombings with the identification of a missing man as a possible suspect. Although mistakes often get fixed via the "Wikipedia effect," in which other users correct the errors, Sutton notes that false information can easily go viral. Another key risk is scammers using social media to steal cash. The FBI has warned that social media can also be a lucrative platform for scam artists that crop up in the wake of tragedy. After the Newtown, Conn. , school shooting, for example, the FBI arrested a woman who allegedly claimed to be the relative of a dead victim and solicited money via Facebook and other sources.
According to the last paragraph, the risks social media poses when navigating emergency situations are______.
选项 A、rapid spread of misinformation and lack of consistent hash tag on Twitter
B、lack of consistent hash tag on Twitter and scammers using social media to steal cash
C、rapid spread of misinformation and scammers using social media to steal cash
D、loss of cell phone service and rapid spread of misinformation
答案C
解析 本题考查考生对最后一段内容的理解。最后一段的第一句指出：在紧急突发情况中，所有通过社交媒体获得的快节奏的信息确实带来其固有的风险。接着就详细介绍了这两个风险，分别是：错误信息的快速传播和骗子可能利用社会媒体来诈骗现金，因此[C]是正确答案。[A]和[B]项中的“在推特上统一标签的缺乏”出现在第五段关于社交媒体在紧急救援当中利用效率低的问题，并不是其造成的风险，因此不正确。[D]项中的手机服务的丧失出现在第一段和第三段，恰恰是因为手机服务的中断凸显了社交媒体在紧急救援当中的优势，并不是其造成的风险，因此也不正确。
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