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The standardized educational or psychological tests, that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promot

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问题     The standardized educational or psychological tests, that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics turn attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified condition. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless , or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.
    All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. How well the predictions will be supported by later performance depends upon the a-mount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.
    Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person has learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information.
    Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience, and upon such factors as cost and availability.
Why is the target of attacks considered to be wrong?
选项 A、Because the standardized tests are criticized by too many magazines.
B、Because the problems of the tests should not be referred to Congress.
C、Because one fails to notice test users’ lack of knowledge.
D、Because attacks shouldn’t be made by incompetent users.
答案C
解析 根据第一段第二句话critics turn attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or in—competent users可知target应该是users而不是tests本身，故C项正确。
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