The multiple European viewpoints are a function of the following EXCEPT______.

The weather was not the only thing that was a bit stormy during President Obama’s visit.
    He received an enthusiastic welcome in Poland, one of the many former Soviet satellites that is concerned about Russia’s moves to re-establish at least part of its old sphere of influence—exemplified by its actions in Ukraine.
    And that country’s new president-elect thanked Obama for his support and expressed interest in closer relations.
    But while the United States remains close to its traditional allies in Western Europe, these countries are also secure enough to be more critical of U. S. policies and plans.(30)The multiple European viewpoints are a function of history, geography and local politics, according to Raoul Ruparel, at the Open Europe research organization.