首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the staggering disparity between the indigenous po
Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the staggering disparity between the indigenous po
admin
2019-02-01
62
问题
Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the staggering disparity between the indigenous population of America in 1492—new estimates of which soar as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that time—and the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the precipitous decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic dis- ease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil epidemics.
Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenselass. That virgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is strongly indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous maladies—small pox, measles, malaria, yellow fever, and undoubtedly several more—were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World. The effects of their sudden introduction are demonstrated in the early chronicles of America, which contain reports of horrendous epidemics and steep population declines, confirmed in many cases by recent quantitative analyses of Spanish tribute records and other sources. The evidence provided by the documents of British and French colonies is not as definitive because the conquerors of those areas did not establish permanent settlements and begin to keep continuous records until the seventeenth century, by which time the worst epidemics had probably already taken place. Furthermore, the British tended to drive the native populations away, rather than enslaving them as the Spaniards did, so that the epidemics of British America occurred beyond the range of colonists’ direct observation.
Even so, the surviving records of North America do contain references to deadly epidemics among the indigenous population. In 1616-1619 an epidemic, possibly of bubonic or pneumonic plague, swept coastal New England, killing as many as nine out of ten. During the 1630’ s smallpox, the disease most fatal to the Native American people, eliminated half the population of the Huron and Iroquois confederations. In the 1820’ s fever devastated the people of the Columbia River area, killing eight out of ten of them.
Unfortunately, the documentation of these and other epidemics is slight and frequently unreliable, and it is necessary to supplement what little we do know with evidence from recent epidemics among Native Americans. For example, in 1952 an outbreak of measles among the Native American inhabitants of Ungava Bay. Quebec, af- fected 99 percent of the population and killed 7 percent, even though some had the benefit of modern medicine. Cases such as this demonstrate that even diseases that are not normally fatal can have devastating consequences when they strike an immunologically defenseless community.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the Native American inhabitants of Ungava Bay?
选项
A、They were almost all killed by the 1952 epidemic.
B、They were immunologically defenseless against measles.
C、They were the last native people to be struck by a virgin-soil epidemic.
D、They did not come into frequent contact with white Americans until the twentieth century.
E、They had been inoculated against measles.
答案
B
解析
关于Ungava湾的土著人,哪个可从文中推出?A.“almost all killed”太过分,只有7%死于疾病。B.正确。对麻疹缺乏免疫力。据最后一段叙述可推出,参考上题A选项。C.“the last native people”文中无。D.20世纪前和白人少有联系。无。E.已被接种预防麻疹。无。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/p1kO777K
本试题收录于:
GMAT VERBAL题库GMAT分类
0
GMAT VERBAL
GMAT
相关试题推荐
Evenachildknowsthatnoddingheadmeans"Yes".Butsomepeoplewouldprobably【C1】______whentheyfirstcametoIndia.Whent
Yourmindshouldbe________onworkandstudy.
Asanymiddle-classparentknows,unpaidworkexperiencecangiveyoungstersavaluableintroductiontoasecurejob.Thegovern
Lyinginhospital,thepatient_________theoutsideworldbywatchingnewsprogramsonTVeveryday.
Idon’tliketodisturbyou,becauseyou’requitetired______today.
TheUnitedStates【C1】______alargepartoftheNorthAmericancontinent.ItsneighborsareCanada【C2】______thenorth,andMexico
Thenumberofmembersintheclub________totwohundred.
Hehasbeencalledthe"missinglink."Half-man,half-beast.Heissupposedtoliveinthehighestmountainintheworld-
TheAmericansgotothemoviesmainlybecausetheywant______.Whichofthefollowingispeople’snormalresponsetothemovie
Thevitaminsnecessaryforahealthybodyarenormallysuppliedbyagoodmixeddiet(饮食),includingavarietyoffruitsandgre
随机试题
病人瞳孔缩小常见于()。
对癫痫大、小发作,精神运动性发作均有效的药是
男,29岁,咽喉肿痛,目生翳障,可选用()。
患者,男性,66岁,冠心病心绞痛1年,心绞痛发作时经休息或服硝酸甘油可以缓解,平日缓解期,下列何药可不用
关于自然人之间的借款合同,下列说法正确的是()。
我国对对外贸易经营者的管理,实行备案登记制。对外贸易经营者只能为本企业从事对外贸易经营活动,不可以接受他人的委托,在经营范围内代为办理对外贸易业务。
基金管理公司内部控制的总体目标是()。
【2017年北京市第82题】某种鸡尾酒的酒精浓度为20%,由A种酒、B种酒和酒精浓度(酒精重量÷酒水总重量)10%的C种酒按1:3:1的比例(重量比)调制成。已知B种酒的酒精浓度是A种酒的一半,则A种酒的酒精浓度是()。
王某在14周岁之前盗窃各类财物总计约7000余元。14岁生日那天,王某邀请几个朋友到一饭馆吃饭。饭后回家途中,王某看到一行人手拿一个提包,即掏出随身携带的弹簧刀将持包人刺伤把包抢走,包内有手提电话一部、现金5000余元。第二天王某出门游逛,见路边停着一辆吉
—WouldyouliketocometomybirthdaypartynextFriday?—______.Thanksalot.
最新回复
(
0
)