The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many great writers. Before considering the question, it wi

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问题     The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has
concerned many great writers. Before considering the question, it
will be useful to introduce some relating concepts. Conflict, defined【M1】______
as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is
distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among
social entities independent striving for something that is in【M2】______
inadequate supply.
    Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a
conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition,
that has been defined as a process by which social entities function【M3】______
in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted to【M4】______
cooperation, the process which social entities function in the service【M5】______
of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important
to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is
inevitable in a world of limited resources. Many authors have argued
for the inevitability of war from premise that, in the struggle for【M6】______
existence, only the fittest survive. In general, therefore, this struggle in【M7】______
nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys
and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership for the group. The【M8】______
struggle for existence occurs not in fights, but in the competition for
limited feeding areas and the occupancy of areas free from【M9】______
meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to
death or become victims to be other species. The struggle for【M10】______
existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition
of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials.
【M5】

选项

答案∧ which→by

解析 词汇错误。此处by表示“通过……,利用……”,如果没有介词by,此句意义不完整。
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